法律渊源 source of law
制定法 statute 判例法 case law; 公序良俗 public order and moral 自然法 natural law 罗马法 Roman Law law
教会法 ecclesiastical law
寺院法 canon law precedent
普通法 common law 特别法 special law 固有法 native law; indigenous law 继受法 adopted law 实体法 substantial law
程序法 procedural law
原则法 fundamental law
例外法 exception law
司法解释 judicial interpretation 习惯法 customary law
私法 private law 公法 public law 市民法 jus civile 万民法 jus gentium 民法法系 civil law system
英美法系 system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系 civil law system
普通法 common law 大陆法 continental law
罗马法系 Roman law system
衡平法 equity; law of equity
日尔曼法 Germantic
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伊斯兰法 Islamic law
民法法律规范 norm of civil law 授
权
规
范
authorization norm 禁止规范 forbidding norm
义务性规范 obligatory norm 命令性规范 commanding norm
民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则 principle of equality
法律英语
自愿原则 principle of free will
公平原则 principle of justice
等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则 principle of good faith 行为 act 作为 ac 不作为 omission 合法行为 lawful act 违法行为 unlawful act
民事权利能力 civil right
绝对权 absolute right
相对权 relative right 优先权 right of
priority
先买权 preemption 原权 antecedent right
救济权 right of relief 支配权 right of dominion
请求权 right of claim
物上请求权 right of claim for real thing 形成权 right of formation
撤销权 right of claiming cancellation 否认权 right of claiming cancellation 解除权 right of renouncement 代位权 subrogated right
选择权 right of
2 / 25
choice
承认权 right of admission
终止权 right of termination
抗辩权 right of defense
一时性抗辩权 momentary right of defense
永久性抗辩权 permanent counter-argument right
不安抗辩权 unstable counter-argument right
同时履行抗辩权 defense
right
of
simultaneous performance 既得权 tested right
法律英语
期待权 expectant right
专属权 exclusive right 非
专
属
权
non-exclusive right 人身权利 personal right
人权 human right 人格权 right of personality
生命健康权 right of life and health 姓名权 right of name
名称权 right of name
肖像权 right of portraiture
自由权 right of freedom 名誉权
right
reputation
隐私权 right of privacy
私生活秘密权 right of privacy
贞操权 virginity right
身份权 right of status
亲权 parental power; parental right 亲属权 right of relative
探视权 visitation right
配偶权 right of spouse
荣誉权 right of honor
权利的保护 protection of right
公力救济 public
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protection 私
力
救
济
self-protection 权利本位 standard of right
社会本位 standard of society
无责任行为 irresponsible right 正当防卫 justifiable right; ligitimate
defence
防卫行为 act of defence 自
为
行
为 self-conducting act 紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity 自助行为 act of self-help
不可抗力 force majeure
法律英语
意外事件 accident 行为能力 capacity for act
意思能力 capacity of will
自治产人 minor who is
capable
of his
household 合伙 partnership 合伙人 partner 合
伙
协
议
administering own capacity
无行为能力 partnership 民事行为 civil act 意
思
表
示 declaration of
intention
意思表示一致 meeting of minds; consensus
完全行为能力 perfect capacity for act
限制行为能力 restrictive capacity
for act
准禁治产人 quasi-interdicted person 保佐 protection
incapacity for act 禁治产人 interdicted person
自然人 natural person 公民 citizen 住所 domicile 居所 residence 经常居住地 frequently dwelling place
户籍 census register 监护 guardianship 个体工商户 individual business 农村承包经营户 leaseholding
rural
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agreement
合伙财产 property of partnership 合伙债务 debt of partnership
入伙 join partnership 退伙 withdrawal from partnership 合
伙
企
业
partnership business establishment 个
人
合
伙
partnership 法
人
合
伙
partnership of legal person
特别合伙 special
法律英语
partnership
普通合伙 general partnership
有限合伙 limited partnership
establishment 国有独资企业 solely
state-owned
协作型联营 cooperation-type coordinated management 合作社 cooperative enterprise
中外合资企业 民事合伙 civil partnership
隐名合伙 sleeping partnership; dormant partnership
私营企业 private enterprise; proprietorship 法人 legal person 企业法人 legal body of enterprise 企业集团 group of enterprise
关联企业 affiliate enterprise
个人独资企业 individual
business
Sino-foreign
joint
venture enterprise 中外合作企业 Sino-foreign contractual enterprise 社团法人 legal body of mass organization 财团法人 legal body of financial group 联营 joint venture 法人型联营 association of legal persons
合伙型联营 coordinated management in
partnership
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民事法律行为 civil legal act
单方民事法律行为 unilateral civil legal act
双方民事法律行为 bilateral civil legal act
多方民事法律行为 joint act civil legal act
有偿民事法律行为 civil legal act with consideration 无偿民事法律行为 civil legal act without consideration;
civil
法律英语
legal award
act without act
从民事法律行为 accessory civil legal act
违法行为 illegal act; unlawful act 侵权行为 tort 欺诈 fraud 实践性民事法律行为 practical civil legal act 法律翻译公司 诺成性民事法律行为 consental civil legal act
要式民事法律行为 formal civil legal act 不要式民事法律行为 informal civil legal act
要因民事法律行为 causative civil legal act
不要因民事法律行为 noncausative civil legal act
主民事法律行为 principal civil legal
附条件民事法律行为 conditional civil legal act
附期限民事法律行为 civil legal act with term
生前民事法律行为 civil legal act before death
死后民事法律行为 civil legal act after death
准民事法律行为 quasi-civil legal act 无效行为 ineffective act
可撤销民事行为 revocable civil act
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胁迫 duress 乘人之危 taking advantage of others’ precarious position 以合法形式掩盖非法目的 legal form concealing illegal
intention
恶意串通 malicious collaboration 重大误解 gross misunderstanding 显失公平 obvious unjust 误
传 misrepresentation 代理 agency 本人 principal
法律英语
被代理人 principal 受托人 trustee 代理人 agent 本代理人 original agent
法定代理人 statutory agent; legal agent
委托代理人 agent by mandate
指定代理人 designated agent 复代理人 subagent 再代理人 subagent 转代理人 subagent 代理权 right of agency
授权行为 act of authorization 授权委托书 power of attorney
代理行为 act of
agency
委托代理 agency by mandate
本代理 original agency
复代理 subagency 次代理 subagency 有权代理 authorized agency
表见代理 agency by estoppel; apparent
agency
律师代理 agency by lawyer
普通代理 general agency
全权代理 general agency
全权代理委托书 general power of
attorney
共同代理 joint
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agency
独家代理 sole agency 居间 brokerage 居间人 broker 行纪 commission; broker house 信托 trust
时效 time limit; prescription; limitation 时
效
中
止 suspension
of
prescription/limitation 时
效
中
断 interruption
of
limitation/prescription
时效延长 extension of limitation 取得时效 acquisitive
法律英语
prescription
时效终止 lapse of time; termination of prescription 期日 date 期间 term
涉外民事关系 civil relations with foreign elements
冲突规范 rule of conflict
准据法 applicable law; governing law 反
致
renvoi;
remission 转致 transmission 识别 identification 公共秩序保留 reserve of
public
order
法律规避 evasion of
law
国籍 nationality 国
有
化
nationalization 法律责任 legal liability
民事责任 civil liability/responsibility 行
政
责
任
administrative liability/responsibility 刑事责任 criminal liability/responsibility 违约责任 liability of breach of contract; responsibility of
default
有限责任 limited liability
无限责任 unlimited liability 按
份
责
任 8 / 25
shared/several liability
连带责任 joint and several liability 过失责任 liability for
negligence;
negligent liability 过错责任 fault liability; liability for fault
单独过错 sole fault 共同过错 joint fault 混合过错 mixed fault
被害人过错 victim’s fault
第三人过错 third party’s fault 推
定
过
错
presumptive fault 恶意 bad faith; malice
法律英语
故意 deliberate
intention; intention; willfulness 过失 negligence 重大过失 gross negligence
疏忽大意的过失 careless and
inadvertent negligence
过于自信的过失 negligence
with undue assumption 损害事实 facts of damage
有形损失 tangible damage/loss 无形损失 intangible damage/loss 财产损失 property damage/loss 人身损失 personal
damage/loss 精神损失 spiritual damage/loss 民事责任承担方式 methods of bearing civil liability 停止侵害 cease the infringing act 排除妨碍 exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle 消
除
危
险
elimination of danger 返还财产 restitution of property
恢复原状 restitution; restitution of original state 赔
偿
损
失
compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss 支付违约金
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payment of liquidated damage
消除影响 eliminate ill effects 恢
复
名
誉
rehabilitate one’s reputation
赔礼道歉 extend a formal apology
物权 jus ad rem; right in rem; real right
物权制度 real right system; right in rem system
一物一权原则 the principal of One thing,
One Right
物权法定主义 principal of legality of right in rem
法律英语
物权公示原则 principal of public summons of right in rem
固定资产 fixed asset 流动资产 current asset; floating asset 动产 movables; 孳息 fruits
天然孳息 natural fruits
法定孳息 legal fruits 物权法 jus rerem 物 property 生产资料 raw material for
production
生活资料 means of livelihood; means of subsistence
流通物 res in commercium; a thing in commerce 限制流通物 limited merchantable thing 禁止流通物 res extra commercium; a thing
out
of commerce 资产 asset
chattel
不动产 immovable; real estate
特定物 res certae; a certain thing 种类物 genus; indefinite thing 可
分
物
res
divisibiles; divisible things
不可分物 res indivisibiles; indivisible things 主物 res capitalis; a principal thing 从物 res accessoria; an accessory thing 原物 original thing
10 / 25
无主物 bona vacatia; vacant
goods;
ownerless goods 遗失物 lost property 漂流物 drifting object
埋藏物 fortuna; hidden property 货币 currency 证券 securities 债券 bond 物
权
分
类
classification of right in rem/real right 自物权 jus in re propria; right of full ownership
所有权 dominium;
法律英语
ownership; title 所有权凭证 document of title; title of ownership 占有权 dominium utile; equitable
ownership
使用权 right of use; right to use of 收益权 right to earnings; right
to yields
处分权 right of disposing; jus dispodendi
善意占有 possession in good faith 恶意占有 malicious possession
按份共有 several possession
共同共有 joint
possession
他物权 jus in re aliena
用益物权 real right for usufruct
使用权 right to use; right of use
土地使用权 right to the use of land 林
权
forest
ownership
采矿权 mining ownership
经营权 managerial authority; power of management 承包经营权 right to contracted management 相邻权 neighboring right; relatedright 地上权 superficies
11 / 25
永佃权 jus
emphyteuticum; right to
landed
estate
granted in perpetuity through a contract 地役权 servitude; easement
人役权 servitus personarum; personal servitude
担保物权 real right for security
物的担保 security for thing
物的瑕疵担保 warranty
against
defect of a thing 抵押权 hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage
抵押权的设定 creation of right to
法律英语
mortgage 抵押人 mortgagor 抵押权人 mortgagee 抵押标的物 collateral; estate
under mortgage 抵押权的效力 deffect of right to mortgage
抵押权的次序 sequence of right to mortgage
抵押权的抛弃 abandonment of right to mortgage
抵押权的让与 alienation of right to mortgage
抵押权的实现 materialization of right to mortgage 抵押权的消灭
extinction of right to mortgageregistration of
estate
under
mortgage
抵押物登记 registration of estate under mortgage 抵押优先权 priority of mortgage 留置权 lien 一般留置权 general lien
特别留置权 special lien
质权 hypotheque; pledge; right
of
pledge
佃权 tenant right
债权 jus in personam; right to give or procure;
claim;
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creditor’s right 债权人 creditor 债务人 debtor 相对人 counterpart; offeree 给付 give; pay 债务 debt; liability; obligation
债务的偿还 payment of debt 债务的偿清 discharge of debt 债务的担保 guarantee of debt 债务的合并 consolidation of debt 债务的给付日期 debt maturity 债务的免除
exemption of debt 债的分类 obligatio; obligation
法律英语
法定之债 legal obligation
任意之债 voluntary obligation
简单之债simple 合同之债
product
不当得利 unjust enrichment
无因管理 voluntary service
contractual obligation 侵权行为之债 tort obligation
损害赔偿之债 obligation
选择之债 alternative obligation
主债 prime/principal obligation 从债 accessory
obligation
单一之债 single obligation
按份之债 several obligation
连带之债 joint obligation
特定之债 certain obligation
种类之债 indefinite obligation
obligation of compensation
for
injury; obligation of damages
人身损害 damage to person 精
神
损
害
moral/mental/spiritual damage
医药费 hospital treatment expense 医疗费 medical charge 抚恤金 pension 慰问金 consolation money
产品瑕疵 defect of
13 / 25
债的担保 guarantee of obligation 财产担保 property guarantee
信用担保 credit guarantee
让与担保 alienation guarantee 保证 guaranty 明示保证 express guaranty
默示保证implied guaranty 保证人 guarantor 保证合同 contract of guaranty/suretyship 保证金 guaranty
法律英语
bond; security deposit 押
金
deposit;
foregift
预付款 advanced payment
定金 earnest money; deposit
违约金 liquidated damages
法定违约金 liquidated damages
by law
约定违约金 liquidated
damages by agreement 债
的
履
行 performance of
obligation
实际履行原则 doctrine of specific performance 情事变更原则
doctrine of change of circumstances 不
当
履
行
misfeasance 清偿 discharge; satisfaction
提存 debtor’s submission of the subject
matter
of obligation
to
competent authority 抵销 setoff 知
识
产
权
intellectual property 知识产权国际保护 international protection
of
intellectual property 国民待遇原则 doctrine of national treatment
14 / 25
优先权原则 a right of priority doctrine 自动保护原则 doctrine of automatic protection
特许权使用费 royalties 智
力
成
果
intellectual property 著作权 copyright 版权 copyright 著作权人 copyright owner
创作 creation 作品 opus; product; work
著作人格权 right of
personality of
copyright
发表权 right of publication
署名权 right of
法律英语
authorship; right of paternity
修改权 right of modification; right of revision
完整性保持权 right to maintain integrity 不可侵犯权 inviolability 收回权 right of recall; right
of
retrieval
自费出版 publish a book at the author’s own expense 著作财产权 property right in work 使用收益分享权 right to share usufruct 利用权 right to make use of
获得报酬权 right to
get payment 重播权 right of rebroadcasting 录制权 right of fixation
机械复制权 right of mechanograph; right of
mechanical
reproduction 著作邻接权 neighboring right of copyright 剽窃 plagiary;
plagiarism 盗版 pirate
盗版VCD pirated VCD 伪造 forge
工业产权 industrial property
专利权 patent right 优先权日 priority
15 / 25
date
申请在先原则 prior application rule 使用在先 priority of use
新颖性 novelty 创造性 creativity 实用性 practicability 发明创造 invention and creation 实用新型 utility model
外观设计 design; industrial design 发明权 right of invention
发现权 right of discovery
专利申请 patent application
专利异议 objection to a patent
法律英语
专利公告 patent gazette
专利续展费 renewal fee of patent 专利许可协议 international registration trademark 商
品
商
标 of
trademark
商标公告 trademark gazette
注册商标使用许可 licensing
of
commodity trademark patent licensing
agreement
技术诀窍 know-how 专有技术 know-how 专利证书 certificate of patent
专利事务所 patent office
专利代理 patent agency
中华人民共和国专利局 Patent Office of the
People
’
s
Republic of China 商标权 trademark right
商标国际注册
服务商标 service trademark
驰名商标 reputed trademark 广
告
商
标
advertisement trademark
近似商标 similar trademark
商标评审委员会 trade
review
and
appraisal board 商标审查 trademark examination 商标侵权 trademark infringement 商标注册 registered
16 / 25
registered trademark 注册商标转让 assignment
of
registered trademark 商标使用许可协议 trademark licensing agreement
商标事务所 trademark office 商标代理 trademark agency
婚姻、家庭、继承、收养 marriage, family, inheritance,
adoption
婚姻法 marital law;
法律英语
marriage law 包办婚姻 arranged marriage
财产分割 partition; dismemberment of
property 重婚 bigamy 独生子女 only child 法律婚 legal marriage
非婚生子女 illegitimate child 夫妻共同财产 community property 夫妻关系 conjugal relationship
夫妻分居 divorce a mensa
et
thoro; divorce from bed and board
复婚 resumption of marriage
感情破裂
incompatibility 婚后财产公证 notarization
of
postnuptial properties 婚姻登记 marriage registration
婚生子女 ligitimate child
计划生育 birth control 结婚 marry 离婚 divorce 买卖婚姻 mercenary marriage
拟制血亲 blood relations in fiction of law
旁系血亲 collateral relation blood
relation
涉外婚姻 marriage
17 / 25
with foreign elements 配偶 spouse 事实婚 de facto marriage
诉讼离婚 divorce by litigation
探视权 visitation right
同居 cohabitation 晚婚 late marriage 无效婚姻 void marriage
协议离婚 divorce by agreement
一夫一妻制 monogamy 早婚 early marriage 直系血亲 lineal descent
自然血亲 natural blood relation 收养法 adoption law
法律英语
收养协议 adoption agreement
收养人 adoptive parent
送养人 person or succession subrogation
by
遗产 inheritance; heritage
遗产继承人 heir to property; inheritor 遗言 last will and 世袭继承 hereditary succession
间接继承 indirect institution placing out a child for adoption 涉外收养 adoption with foreign elements 继承法 inheritance law;
law
of
succession
法定继承 legal seccession
遗嘱继承 intestate succession
遗赠继承 succession by devise
自然继承 natural succession 代
位
继
承
representation;
succession 转
继
承
subsuccession 共同继承 joint succession
单独继承 single succession 继承人 heir;
successor
第二顺序继承人 successor second in order
第一顺序继承人 successor first
in order
继承参与人 succession participant
18 / 25
testament
遗书 last words 遗赠 bequest; legacy; devise
遗赠抚养协议 legacy-support agreement
会计法 accounting law
税法 tax law; taxation law 反不正当竞争法 anti-unfair competition law 消费者权益保护法 consumer’s interest
法律英语
protection law 产品责任法 production law
消费者权益法 liability
两合公司 joint liability company 控股公司 holding company
集团公司 group 上市公司 listed company
母公司 parent company 子公司 subsidiary consumer rights and interests law
公司法 company law; corporate law 公司 company;
corporation
有限责任公司 limited liability company
股份有限公司 company limited by shares
无限公司 unlimited company
股份两合公司 joint stock limited liability partnership
company
合资公司 joint
venture company 联营公司 associated company; affiliated
company
国营公司 state-own company 国
有
公
司 state-owned company 民
营
公
司
civilian-run company 本
国
公
司
national/domestic company
外国公司 foreign company
19 / 25
皮包公司 briefcase company; fundless
company 募
集
设
立 incorporation by stock floatation
发起人 floater; initiator
公司名称 name of company
公司住址 domicile of company
出资 contribution; capital subscription 现
金
出
资
investment in cash 实
物
出
资
法律英语
investment in kind 工业产权出资 investment industrial in property
accountants
注册会计师 certified public accountant 资本三原则 three incorporation; corporate registration 公司存续 existence of company
right
非专有技术出资 investment in non-patent technology 劳
务
出
资 investment in labor 高新技术成果出资 investment in hi-tech achievements 注册资本 registered capital
实缴资本 paid-in capital
验资报告 capital verification report 会计师事务所 certified
public
doctrine of capital 资本确定原则 doctrine of capital determination 资本维持原则 doctrine of capital maintenance 资本不变原则 doctrine
of
unchanging capital 最低资本额制度 minimum capital
system
公司章程 articles of association; articles of incorporation;
bylaw 公
司
登
记 20 / 25
公司合并分立 merger and split of company
公司并购 corporate merger and
acquisition
公司管理 corporate governance; company management 公司法律顾问 corporate counsel 公司整顿 company rectification
公司歇业 closure of business
公司和解 company composition 公司解散 company
法律英语
dissolution
公司清算 company liquidation
公司清理 company winding-up 竞
业
禁
止
non-commpete; competition prohibition
招股章程 prospectus 股本 stock capital 股东 shareholder 股
东
大
会 shareholders’
meeting
股东大会决议 resolution of shareholders’
meeting
股东大会议事规则 rule of procedure of shareholders
’ meeting
表决权 voting right; right to vote 董事 director 董
事
长
president/chairman of the board
首席执行官 chief executive officer(CEO) 首席运营官 chief operation
officer(COO) 执行董事 executive director
常务董事 managing director
董事会 board of directors
董事会领导下的经理
负
责
制
responsibility system
21 / 25
of the chief executive officer
under the leadership
of
the
board of directors 经理独立负责制 manager independent responsibility system 监事 supervisor 监事会 board of supervisors 股 share; stock 普通股 common stock
特别股 special stock 资格股 qualification stock
优先股 preferred stock
劣后股 inferior stock 表决权股 stock with voting power 溢价股 premium
法律英语
stock
折价股 converting stock
国家股 state-owned accumulation fund 公司犯罪 corporate crime
证券法 securities securities broker 披露制度 disclosing system
交割日 closing date share
集体股 collective share
法
人
股corporate share 企业股 enterprise share
个人股 individual share 股息 dividend 红股 bonus stock; dividend stock 法定公积金 legal accumulation fund 资本公积金 capital accumulation fund 盈余公积金 surplus accumulation fund 任意公积金 optional
law
证券发行 issuance of securities
证券上市 list securities; float an issue
证券交易所 stock exchange
证券商 securities dealer
证券公司 securities company
证券承销商 consortium of
underwriters 证券承销合同 underwriting contract 证券经纪人
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风险投资基金 venture capital fund 上海证券交易所 Shanghai Stock
Exchange
深圳证券交易所 Shenzhen Stock Exchange
证券监督委员会 securities supervision committee
票据法 law of negotiable instrument 票据notes; bills; commercial instruments
商业票据 bill; commercial
法律英语
instrument
远期票据 time bill;; long-dated bill 到期票据 matured bill
mature
票据金额 sum of bill 票面价额 face value 票据出票人 drawer 票据持票人 bill 票据背书人 endorser/indorser of a bill
被背书人 endorsee 票据保证人 bill 即期票据 sight bill 记名票据 bill payable to order; note to order
不记名票据 bearer instrument
本票 promissory note 支票 cheque 汇票 bill
of
exchange 发票日 ticket day 出票日 date of draft/issue
发票地 place of draft/issue
票据到期日 bill to
holder
票据承兑人 bill acceptor
票据行为 act on commercial paper 承兑票据 honor a bill 票
据
议
付
negotiation
拒付票据 protest a bill
票据付款人 drawee 票据支付人 payer on
commercial
instrument
票据收款人 bill collector
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guarantor
票据被保证人 bill pledgee/warrantee 再追索人 renewed recourser
前手 remote holder 后手 subsequent endorser
票据权利 right of bill
票据期限 term of bill; tenor
票据债务人 debtor of
commercial
instrument
追索权 right of recourse
法律英语
票据抗辩 exception to bill
票据丧失 loss of bill 票
据
时
效 船舶所有权证书 certificate of ship ownership
船舶检验 register of 制 limitation of liabilities owners
船舶碰撞 ship of
ship
prescription of
exchanges
票据贴现 discount of bill
再贴现 rediscount of bill
恩惠期间 term of benevolence 票据代理 agency for notes/bills/commercial instruments
海商法 maritime law 船舶国籍证书 certificate of registry; certificate of ship’s nationality
船棋国 flag country
ship
船舶保险 insurance on hull
船舶保险单 hull insurance policy 船舶登记证书 certificate of registry 船舶丈量 tonnage measurement of ships 船舶进港费 groundage
船舶抵押 ship mortgage
船舶租赁 ship chartering 船舶转租ship subchartering 船舶所有人责任限
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collision
船舶遇难 maritime distress
海上灾难 perils of the sea
海上拖航 marine towage
船舶扣押 detention of ship
船舶债权 ship’s credit
船级社 classification society
船级证书 certificate of class
海上留置权 maritime lien 船舶留置权
法律英语
maritime lien 船舶抵押权 maritime mortgage 海上优先请求权 priority
claim
to
seagoing ships 救助优先权 priority claim to salvage 共同海损优先权 priority
claim
to
general average 服务优先权 priority claim to service
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