虚拟语气分类

按考点分类练习

i. 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 主/从句 时间 过去 现在 将来 条件从句 主句 had+过去分词 would (should/could/might) have + 过去分词 would (should/could/might) +动词原形 would (should/could/might) +动词原形 过去式(be用were) 过去式/should/ were to+动词原形 1. 虚拟语气用于if条件句中，主从句的谓语动词的相应形式参见上表。 2. 虚拟语气用于错综时间条件句中，主从句动作发生的时间不一致，这时主从句动词的形式应根据句意或时间来调整，选用适当的虚拟形式。 3. 如果条件句中包含有一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have，有时可以把if省略掉，但这时要把助动词、情态动词、动词be或have放在主语前。 4. 表示“若不是〞之意时，可以用如下两种句型： If it weren't for.＝but for…意为“若不是〔对现在情况的假设〕〞。 If it hadn't been for.＝but for…意为“当时若不是〔对过去情况的假设〕〞。 5. 在含蓄条件句中，可以用有些介词(with, without, but for)，连词(or, otherwise, but, however)、不定式短语、名词短语或陈述句表示虚拟的条件。 专项练习 1.Mr. Browna house if he had enough money. A. will buy B. would buyC. boughtD. has bought 2.But for John, wethe match last week. A. would have lost B. would lose C. had lost D. lost 3. If the child hadn't been so tired, heasleep so quickly. A. will not have fallen B. will not fall C. would not have fallenD. had not fallen 4.The Smithsa lovely garden if they did some work in it. A. will have B. would have C. have D. have had 5.If you learned to swim, yousafer in the water. A. will feel B. felt C. would feel D. feel 6.Ita good match if it . A. would have been... hadn't rained B. will be. .. hadn't rained C. would have been... shouldn't rain D. will have been... didn't rain 7.If Motheryou were coming, she'd have baked some cakes. A. has known B. will know C. had known D. would know 8.Petera rich man today if hemore careful in the past. A. is... had been B. was. .. were C. will be... should be D. would be... had been 9. If I were to do this work, Iit in my own way. A. would do B. do C. will do D. did .

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10. If the plane crashed, we.

A. would all kill B. will all be killed C. would all have been killed D. would all be killed 11. more carefully, she wouldn't have made so many mistakes.

A. If she listened B. If she listensC. If she has listenedD. Had she listened 12.If he had taken my advice, hea scientist now.

A. will be B. is C. has been D. would be 13. , we would have visited the museum then.

A. If it does not rain B. Should it not rain C. Had it not rained D. If it has not rained 14. Should it stop raining, I _________ for a walk.

A. had gone B. went C. would have gone D. would go 15. he try again, he might be successful.

A. Could B. Might C. Must D. Should 16. If the teacher hadn't explained it to me, Ithe problem so well.

A. would never be understoodB. had never understood

C. would never have understoodD. will never have understood 17.—Why didn't you buy that dictionary?

—I _________ if I had had enough money. A. would B. would haveC. have boughtD. had bought 18. If Jane hadn't missed the early train, sheon time, but she was late.

A. will arrive B. would arrive C. would have arrived D. had arrived 19. , he would be surprised.

A. Were Tom to see youB. Were Tom see you C. If Tom is to see youD. If Tom has seen you 20. But for your help, Ithe place.

A. can't find B. can't have found C. couldn't have found D. haven't found 21. I known he needed money so badly, I might have managed to help him.

A. Unless B. WhenC. If D. Had 22. _______ , I wouldn't do that.

A. If I am in your place B. Were I in your place C. If I have been in your place D. If I am to be in your place 23. , I should paint the room white.

A. If I have been you B. If I would be you C. If I will be you D. If I were you 24.If you were offered a trip to the moon, you it?

A. will... accept B. are... going to accept C. do... accept D. would... accept 25. —Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?

—I ________ , but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would have C. was going to D. B or C

Keys: 1-5BACBC6-10 AC DAD 11-15 DDCDD

16-20 CBCAC21-25 DBDDD

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ii. 在宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法 1. 在表示一“坚持〞(insist)，二“命令〞(order，command)，三“建议〞(suggest，propose，advise)，四“要求〞 (ask，require，request，demand)等动词的宾语从句中表示虚拟，其从句谓语用“(should)十动词原形〞。 2. 注意：1)在这些从句中，通常不省略that。 2) suggest作“暗示，表明〞讲时，insist作“坚持认为〞讲时，后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。 专项练习 1.My uncle suggested that Ia job in a bank. A. got B. would C. should get 2.They insisted that a meetingas soon as possible. A. be held B. was heldC. must be held 3.She ran as if shewings on her feet. A. had B. has C. has had 4. I'd rather youthat. A. don't B. won't do C. hadn't done 5.I wish the trainso late; then I could have got home before breakfast. A. hadn't arrived B. didn't arrive C. wouldn't arrived Keys: 1-5CAACA

D. must get D. hold D. is having D. haven't done D. mustn't arrive iii. 虚拟语气用于同位语从句和表语从句中

1. 在表示建议、要求、命令、遗憾、主X、怀疑、惊奇等词的同位语从句中和表语从句中，从句谓语用“should+动词原形〞。

2.常见的这类名词有suggestion，order，advice，idea，plan，pity，proposal等。

3.常见的这类形容词有necessary，essential，strange，natural，urgent，funny，important等。

4.动词的过去分词充当的形容词有suggested，requested，ordered，proposed，decided，recommended等。 5. 在It'(high) time that..句式中，用过去式或should do表示；should不能省略。 专项练习

1.It is essential that every childthe same educational opportunities.

A. has B. could have C. have D. had 2.The workers are working hard to meet the request that the railwayto traffic on May 1.

A. is open B. will be open C. be openD. must open 3. It's necessary that a studentEnglish well.

A. learns B. learnC. must learn D. learned

4.The teacher made a suggestion that studentsmore opportunities to practise oral English.

A. were given B. had been given C. should give D. be given 5. It's necessary that the studentstake notes in class.

A. should B. must C. would D. are to 6.We are all for Mary's suggestion that the discussion.

A. is put off B. puts off C. to be put off D. be put off 7.It is the teacher's suggestion that every studentan English dictionary.

A. has B. have C. had D. having 8.He gave orders that the prisonersfree.

A. are set B. were set C. set D. be set 9. I think it's high time youaction.

A. take B. took C. are taking D. will take 10. It is time.

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A. we go to bed B. he goes to bed C. we went to bed Keys: 1-5C C B D A 6-10 D B D B C

iv. wish从句中的虚拟语气

1. …wish that…had done表过去。 2. …wish that…did/ were表现在。

3. …wish that…were doing表现在正在进行。

4. …wish that…were to/ should/ could/ might/ would+do表将来。

D. he go to bed

专项练习

1.I wish sheto see my parents more often.

A. has comeB. is coming C. will come D. would come 2.She often wishes that shea horse.

A. can rode B. can ride C. could rode D. could ride 3.How I wish Ia university student andat university now!

A. am; study B. were; were studying C. was; study D. were; studied 4.I wish the trainalready; then I could have got home before breakfast.

A. had arrived B. arrives C. would arrive D. arrived 5.—Is your father a model worker?

—No, but how he wishes he. A. am B. had been C. were D. was 6.I wish I ___________ to repair the bike, for I only made it worse.

A. had tried B. hadn't tried C. tried D. didn't try 7.His hair is very long. His parents wish heit cut.

A. will have B. has C. had D. would have 8. It is too noisy. I wish youdown the radio at once.

A. will B. would turn C. are to turn D. can turn 9.I wish Ithe meeting last week.

A. could attend B. attended C. have attendedD. had attended 10. —Have you been to Beijing?

—No, but I wish __________ . A. have B. will C. do D. had Keys: 1-5DDBAC6-10 BCBDD

v. If only…！和as if/ as though引出的从句中虚拟语气的用法 1. If only…had done表过去。 2. If only…did/ were表现在。 3. If only…were/was +doing表现在进行。 4. If only…were to/could/would/ might /should+动词原型，表将来} 5. …as if…had done表过去。 6. …as if…did/ were表现在。 7. …as if…were doing表现在进行。 8. as if引导的从句有时用陈述语气，表示有根据的推测。 9. …were to/could/ would/ might/ should+动词原形，表将来。 专项练习 1.If only Ispeak French now! .

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A. could B. can C. may D. might 2.If only he __________ the doctor's advice!

A. followed B. had followed C. follows D. follow 3.If only itnow.

A. is snowingB. snowsC. snowedD. were snowing 4.He looked as if hehimself for years.

A. hasn't washed B. doesn't wash C. wouldn't wash D. hadn't washed 5.John talked as if he __________ all the work himself, but in fact Harry and Lily did most of it.

A. did B. had doneC. has done D. do Keys: 1-5ABDDB

vi. 在would rather/ prefer/ sooner和but that后引出从句时虚拟语气的用法 1.would rather/ prefer/ sooner…were/ did表将来。 2. would rather/ prefer/ sooner… had done表过去。 3. but that表达“若不是……〞之意引出从句时，主句要用虚拟语气：would have done表过去；would do表现在或将来；would be doing表现在进行。

4. 在lest，for fear that，in case引出的从句中，用“(should)+动词原形〞，表达“为了不……，以免……〞之意时，从句用“should+动词原型〞的虚拟语气，should可以省略。 5. 表达祝愿的句型有： 1)省略主语，动词用原形 2) May+主语+动词原形

6. otherwise或or〔否则，不然〕后引导的从句中常用虚拟语气。

专项练习

1. I'd rather you _________ that.

A. don't B. won't do C. hadn't done D. haven't done 2. I'd rather my son ________ to university right now.

A. go B. went C. will go D. goes 3. I ________ you much money, but that Iyou lacked money then.

A. could lend... didn't know B. could have lent.... don't know C. could have lent... didn't know D. would have lent... don't know 4.Here is a shilling in case youit.

A. should needB. might needC. need D. A or B 5. there never be another world war!

A. Can B. May C. Must D. Will 6. prosperous and strong!

A. Let your country becomeB. Hope your country become C. May your country becomeD. Your country it becoming 7.They must have liked the apartment otherwise theyso long.

A. wouldn't have stayed B. wouldn't stay C. didn't stay D. won't stay 8. He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, heto the meeting.

A. would come B. cameC. should comeD. would have come

9.Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion; otherwise, shesomething she wouldregret later.

A. had said B. said C. might sayD. might have said 10. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, or hea goal.

A. had scoredB. scoredC. would scoreD. would have scored

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Keys: 1-5CBCAB 6-10 CADDD

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