、I:\260 风之丘葬礼堂 Kaze-no-0ka Crematorium 日本大分县中津\Nakatsu.Oita。Japan 1997 口 l昌 l}/ I一~ ’ ●r 。 _ JIl…一 L _ l, , 、 J 9 一/ / 一r 一、、 _一一一: ~\~ , ,●I._I 一 ■ ●_一■■■■ 盈啊■■r_ 、 ’ ’- 、 \1' '■■■ 、\ 、 、.\、、 / 一\ IF 、、、/一一 轴嗣、Axonometric IL .’' 4 ~ 夸一● :;i j \t: 262 空间的仪式 ’ Ritual of Space 动物本能的生态表现之一就是确立自己的领域并划分地盘。这表示为了保护生命而进行防卫和进攻的它们对基本空间的关注。 One ecological performance of animal instincts is the importance in establishing a domain or territory.This demonstrates an attention to a basic space which protects thei r lives by means of attacking or defending. 我们人类也从远古时代就自然而然共享着同一种空间感。不久,为了经营人类集体的生活并维持和扩大这种集体生活,神话和宗教诞生了。而在其中, 空间和音乐从一开始就被当作最能够分享生命体验的工具而得到重视。英格兰南部的巨石阵是太阳崇拜的宗教场所,同时也被认为是集体成员宗教 联系的空间。 Since ancient times,humans natu rally sha red a simila r sense of space.Myths and religions were then born expressly for the operation. maintenance and expansion of the g roup life of human beings.Since their arriva1.space and music have received enough emphasis as the tools deemed to ensu re the sharing of experience.As an example,Stonehenge in the south of Scotland is a religious venue dedicated to the worship of the sun while also serving as a space dedicated to spiritually connect with the religious cong regation. 当然,“死亡”的仪式在历史上通常在不同形式的空间中进行,同时,这些形式与人们的宗教信仰都有着密不可分的联系。 Of cou rse.In the past the ritual of“death”has transformed into different forms of space in the past.These fOrms are closely related to the state of religious beliefs. 在现代都市化的社会当中,我们人类死后,将会在叫做葬礼堂的地方被处理。用处理这个词,恰如其分地强调了火化炉的焚烧能力。而最近有很多葬 礼堂就像灵车一样,仿佛在掩饰死亡带来的悲伤一样炫耀着其夸张且华美的装饰。 In the modern metropolis.people are usually treated by crematories after their death.1 use the term“treatment”to properly highlight the burning capacity of c remator.However,funerals halls are simila r to hea rses,seeming to cover the sorrow of death by showing off thei r gorgeous decorations. 提到“风之丘葬礼堂”的计划,我从开始就有了这样的想法。葬礼堂作为逝者与生者诀别的场所,应该布置成怎样的空间?而空间的仪式应如何作为 原始的体验留存于人们的记忆当中,)这是我们不断追寻的课题。 I had the idea of designing the Kaze’No。Oka Crematorium in ea rly days.As a place where the Iiving say fa rewel lto the dead,what space should be designed in the crematory?And how can the ritual of space be retained in people s memory as a primitive experience? Icontinue to work on this subject. 当然,这和医院、学校、社区中,OB9计划一样,存在着一种设施上的程式。但是,我们必须找出一种符合葬礼堂的且超出一般结构的空间原理,这种空 间原理是与程式相对应的各空间的结构。 Natu rally the facility requi res prog rams as like in the design of hospitals schools and community centers.However go ng beyond the general structure.we have to identify a space suitable for cremation.Such principle space refers to the structu re of a spaces which corresponds to the programs. 我认为有必要对这个程式进行—下翻译。这种程式应该能够营造出一种融合了“庄严”和“寂静”感觉的温柔的情感在里面。空间的仪式首先是到达那 里然后开始举行。就好像从我们以往所经历过的世界到下一个不同经历的世界,间歇(pause)是很必要的。经过细长的走廊,继而穿过大堂、等候室、 遗体告别室,最后来到火化炉前。在这段时间,就好像其后会真实感觉到一样,自然光和自然光之间映照出的空间的质感微妙地演绎出这个场所的个性。 然后,或是通过格子形状的拉门,或是以自然光的姿态,一定会预感到下~个所面对的空间所在。炉前的空间是这一系列空间仪式最初的高潮。在这里, 透过被玻璃隔离开的轻水花园再度与外界接触。但是,外界只存在被周围隔绝的天空和云彩。最后的告别仪式再次在这里举行。遗体在被火化的这段 时间,人们在等候室渡过短暂的时光,而通往这里的走廊有一个缓缓的斜坡,再次将他们引入另一个世界。然后,在等候室的某种限定的视野当中,可 以眺望到面前的公园和八面环山。又经过一段I ̄ti'a-J,他们被引至纳骨室,再度经过外面的走廊,结束此次“旅程”。 lthink it is necessary to fu rther explain the prog ram.which shouId generate the gentle emotions that combine both solemnity and iranqullity.The sense of ritual is reached first in the space before the rite is held.When travelina frOm a world we have experienced to a world of an entirely different experience.a pause is necessa ry.Passing the long and na rrow corridor,lobby,waiting room and伯rewelI room.you wil lapproach the cremator.Du ring this process.the sense of texture of the space bathed in natu rallight subtly demonstrates the personaIity of the venue,immersing oneself in a special atmosphere.Then you will sense the existence of the next space th rough a g rid‘shaped s ing door or th rough the natura qht.This space in front of the cremator produces the first climax of the ritual series where contact is established with the externaf environment via the garden on the other side of the glass.However.in this externaI environment ,’ 0 ,: ● ● ● ●■ 一● ●●●● l ● ● 【 ■ ● l_l 一 ● ● 西 薯蹬 二j ■ 日 翟 ■■ ● 田 B 誓 昼 圈 E , ●●一日 ~ ●耍一 囊霜溺■■ . ●●■●■ ■●●●■一叠一■■■ ■一 一霹 ■■●■●●■● ●●●●■●●■●●●■ ■● ■■■ ●■●■ ● III E 冒 髓 嚣 E := Y 寄骨室\Bone chambe r @ \264 柬火葬的塌鼍 【e bUrninq is 0ve r ]ere is nothing but the secluded sky and clouds.The last fa rewell ritual also concludes here.When the body is being cremated。people stay l the waiting room shortly.The co rridor leading to the waiting room has a gentle slope,leading them to a different wo rld.Then,th rough 、e limited field of view offered to the waiting room,people can observe the park and mountains in front of them.Eventually people a re uided th rough the corridor to the u rn room where the jou rney culminates. 1园的形象 astoral imaqe 航拍照片中可以看出,以“风之丘葬礼堂”为中心,在南侧设置有公园,西南侧保存有近期发现的3世纪的古墓遗址。西边是一片墓地。虽然这种情 ;也属于偶然,但这里可以说是浮现在田园之上的小小的墓地世界。除了墓地之外,这些要素均由某种清晰的图像构成。葬礼堂自西向东,由八角塔的 堂、扇形结构的等候室、以火葬场为中心的矩形部分构成。前面设有研钵形状的椭圆形草坪庭院,而另一边重现的古墓遗址看上去也像象形文字一 #富于趣味。 tudying the aerial photog raph of the Kaze。N0。Oka Crematorium site.a park can be located to the south and a cemetery to the west with Iso a recently unea rthed g rave relic frOm the 3 centu ry located to the southwest.Though seemingly accidenta1.a cemetery world is )rmed on the pastoral territory.Apa rt from the cemetery.all components a re comprised of some clea r images.The crematory extends om the east to the west and consists of the Octagonal Pagoda mourning hal1.fan’shaped waiting room.and a rectangular structure entered on the cremator.1n the front is an oval lawn garden shaped like a morta r.Renovated g rave relics on the other side a re also laddened with pictog raPh cha racters. 265 B等幢医 8 Waiti、a area 息平面田 Site plan ,办公童 10摔扎生 0 Funera【haIl 11公■(风之丘) 1 .k【Kaze-oo・oka 为什么要拘泥于这种几何学图像呢?其一,是由于公园一侧构成的外观不想使人强烈地感受到建筑性。为此,选择了各自具有强烈特性的抽象图像, 如稍稍向外倾斜的砖塔、耐腐蚀钢的三角形壁面,以及混凝土结构的水平墙壁。此外,草坪冒出地平面,使得建筑物看起来不会显现得那么高,同时也 达到这三种形象更加接近地表面的目的。在与公园的设计者佐佐木环境设计工作室的三谷彻先生们多次进行讨论及研究后得出的此建筑与地表面的 关系可以说是此次景观设置当中最成功的一部分。此外,横跨椭圆形庭院的几很直线给予了庭院以丰富的距离感。 WhV dO I prefer this geometric imagery?Fi rst,it is requi red that the appearance of the structu re on the side of the park to not display a strong sense of a rchitecture.As a resuIt,I have selected the abstract forms with each having clear cha racteristics,brick pagoda slanting outwa rd slightly.the triangula r well su rfaces made of Corten steel contrasted with pa raIlel cement wal Istructu res.Besides.the lawn protrudes above the ground.making the architectu re look lower than it is and ensuring the three images a re closer to the ground surface. After numerous discussions and studies with M r.Mitani Toru fr0m SCR Design.I established a relation between the a rchitectu re and the ground.which is the most important pa rt in the landscape design.Besides the few straight lines running across the ovaI garden have produced an en riched sense of distance. 光与质感 Liqht and texture 为了从空间中营造一种静寂与庄严感,必须要选出构成建筑空间的各种素材。然后,色调以从灰色到黑色为基调,在此用灯芯绒、木材的茶色进行干预 而准备了调色盘。 As to generate solemnity and tranquility in a space,it is imperative to select materials suited to the architectural space.A base color ranging from gray and black is combined and applied alongside with the dark brown of corduroy and timber while preparing the color palette. \I \266 Q , 草圈\Sketch 模型\ModeI 267 _≤ 氍 一J .. ^’ _ l/ . 、 暑置●■量 ~. ■叠一一目舅0~ ■量■■圈 _l ■曩●●■口2=-i■■目啊 一■i■一日~_l=一 .= ■i●囊旦‘ 0¨.i. 。’一■■■●●●●●■● ■-.~‘’,一●●●●■ 一直■■■皇 ‘1霸霹翻 一■■一日曩一一 n一 0 量■●一目一一圈臣 j 艮 口舀C口盈盘圈口:: :一 ;:j正一三日至固量 墨 一 .口嗣rJ—■一 : j『_= 一蟹璺璺岛- :: ’ 、?=!”:2 火葬楼入口\Entrance of the cremation building 嘻 叠警 涵 } } ;j i 囊 羹 秘 0 l■: 一 1 I I一 { ... 一 — 霞% 黎 鳗 霪 聚 爨. ,篾 霉 9 》≯0 《 ’ 。 。 , 馨 ≯ 0 黎黪 薷鬻 懿蒸 随 、 275 为了给予这些素材在质感方面以更多的生命感,如前所述那样,以各种各样的形式将自然光纳入其中。而为了给各个关联的空间在仪式上给予变化, 同样的灰色,例如使用好几种模板浇灌的混凝土,抹匀、抹直、乃至涂抹、铺垫灰浆、花岗岩、金属,光是材质就准备了六、t种。这些材质是否能够构 成我们想要达到的效果是个探讨的课题,因此为了使这种装饰成为可能要不断进行细节的研究。素材的能量是材料覆盖后表面的扩展,或是根据材料 单元的大小发生很大的变化。这不论在任何时代、何种样式,都是建筑师需要面对的永恒的课题之一。 TO give more vitality to the texture of fhese materiaIs,as l mentioned above,J have included the natu ral light of al lformsTo ensure the .sense of rituaI changes within an interlocked space.I have prepa red a few materiaIs such as smea ring and underlying morta rg ranite. .metaI and evenly smeared concrete with a few templates that produce a gray color.Six or seven types of materials a re provided,yet it is not confi rmed whether these materials can produce the resuIt we expect requiring further detailed studies to ensu re that these decorations become reaIities.The spirit of these materials is characterised by the expansion of the su rface of these materialsIt chancles .considerably,corresponding to the size of the unit of materiaIs and the architects have to face this issue in any time and f0rm. 在纳入自然光的方法方面,为了不让遗体告别室或纳骨室高的一侧进入光量太多,经过折射后进入的光线再次被垂直或水平的格子形状的百叶窗过滤。 这些反射光、折射光随时间和天气情况,给予结构表面不同的质感。我想恐怕正是由于这种建筑是像葬礼堂那样以最真实的生存体验为目的,不是要 比其他类型的建筑更为纯粹、毫不妥协地追求一个课题并最终开花结果的么? As far as the inclusion of natural light is concerned.to ensu re the farewell room or the higher section in the Urn room does not receive too much light,the incoming refracted light is filtered once more by the vertical or horizontal g rid shaped shuttersDu ring different time and .weather conditions.this reflected and refracted light provides a different sense of textu re to the surfaces of the structu reBecause such .architectu re is designed according to a real。life experience just as the Kaze。No Oka Crematorium is.1 wonder if it is truly pu rer than other types of a rchitectu re as an uncOmprOmisinq pursuit of a topic eventually blossoming to an unknown. “风之丘葬礼堂”于去年8月开始对外开放。我想此后访问此地的很多人都心怀暖意地感受到了我们刻意传达的信息吧。 The Kaze N0 Oka Crematorium was opened and put into operation last August.1 believe most people after visiting this place must feel the warmth and sense of the message we intended to convey。 模文彦\Fumihiko Mak 注释\NOTES: 1.原载于日本《新建筑》1997年7月号 The a rticle was published initially OR SHINKENCHIKU 1997"7