Lesson Two Hiroshima – the ―Liveliest‖ City in Japan
Objectives: 1) Introduce students to the narrative writing, facts vs. opinions,
theme, point of view, tone.
2) Familiarize students with rhetorical techniques of ‗irony‘. Class Procedures:
General questions about the text.
1) Why is the city of Hiroshima so special in the history of mankind?
(It was destroyed by an atomic bomb on August 6, 1945. It was also the first ever used in military action in the human history) Background about the bombardment:
a) the name Hiroshima in Japanese means: broad island.
b) The reason it was chosen to be bombed: During the war, it was a regional army
headquarters as well as a major rail center and producer of war materials.
Hiroshima: Was it Necessary? (an article)
This is the summary of an article Hiroshima: Was it Necessary?.
With the end of the European war, the Allies focused their efforts on Japan. Japan still fought fanatically, despite being badly hurt by bombing and blockade.
The Potsdam Proclamation, which demanded the unconditional surrender of Japan, was issued. It made no mention of Japan's central surrender condition: the status of the Emperor. Japan rejected the Proclamation.
The Japanese believed the Emperor to be a god (this is a key point).
The U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Russia declared war against Japan.
Japan, because of its military, still refused to surrender.
Japanese peace advocates, fearing the imminent destruction of the Emperor, prevailed upon the Emperor to break with tradition and make government policy by calling for peace now. The Emperor did so.
As the result of the Emperor's call for surrender, the entire Japanese cabinet, including the military, agreed to surrender. The cabinet saw that this would allow the Emperor to be retained.
Even Japan's doves would have fought to the death had they not felt the Emperor would be spared. They saw \"unconditional surrender\" as a threat to the Emperor.
President Truman had been advised of the importance of the Emperor to the Japanese. Japan was seeking Russia's help to end the war in July 1945. The U.S. was aware of this at the time thru intercepted Japanese cables. But the U.S. did not keep up with this change in Japan's position.
The U.S. chose military methods of ending the war rather than diplomatic methods. The desire for revenge helped make military methods more attractive.
Was it necessary to use the atomic bomb on Japan to end the war without an invasion of the Japanese mainland? Quotes from historians who felt it was not necessary can be found in: Article. Quotes from prominent Americans who felt the atomic bombings were not necessary can be found in: Quotes.
We probably could have ended the war sooner with fewer deaths on all sides by using the full carrot and stick: 1) offer retention of the Emperor for a quick surrender; and 2) threaten Russian invasion and 3) atomic destruction as the alternative. None of these key incentives to surrender were used prior to the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.
Had the above method failed, and had the Russian invasion failed to bring surrender soon, the atomic bombs were still available - but as a last resort.
After the atomic bombings, Japan was allowed to retain their Emperor, anyway.
c) the time of the bombing: 8:15, a.m. August 6, 1945.
d) The damage: destroying almost everything within a radius of 6,000 to 8,000
feet( 1.830-2,450 meters). 71,000 were instantly.
Over people killed Many
more later died of injuries and the effects of radiation.
Survivors are still dying of leukemia (白血病), pernicious anemia (恶性贫血症), etc. almost 98% of the buildings were destroyed or severely damaged.
e) the radiation generated by the bomb caused long-term problems to those affected. Many people died within the first few months and many more in subsequent years because of radiation exposure. Some people had genetic problems which sometimes resulted in having malformed babies or being unable to have children. It is believed that more than 140,000 people died by the end of the year. They were citizens including students, soldiers and Koreans who worked in factories within the city. The total number of people who have died due to the bomb is estimated to be 200,000.
f) Post-war memorial: Peace Park includes a cenotaph memorializing the victim and a museum housing relics of the holocaust.
Hiroshima Peace Memorial, a remnant of the city at ground zero of its nuclear bombardment After the war Hiroshima was rebuilt after the war, with new modern buildings rising all over the city. In 1949, Hiroshima was proclaimed a City of Peace by the Japanese parliament, at the initiative of its mayor Shinzo Hamai (b. 1905-d. 1968). As a result, the city of Hiroshima was receiving more international attention as a desirable location for holding international conferences on peace as well as social issues. The Hiroshima Peace Institute was established in 1998 within the Hiroshima University. In 1994, the City of Hiroshima hosted the Asian Games.
Record of the time by witnesses
Kimiko Takai
6th grade girl (5 years old at the time)
I shiver whenever I think of August 6, 1945, the day when Hiroshima was destroyed in just a few minutes.
I and a friend were playing at a neighbor's house when I heard the roar of an airplane.
\"It's an airplane,\" I said. Right then, there was a flash. I was so afraid that I hung on to the next-door lady, but she was more scared than I was. She shook me loose and threw her arms around her husband. Then she took a cloth band out of a drawer and tied it around her waist. After that, she and her husband ran out of the house.
My playmate Tatsuko and I didn't know what to do. Suddenly, it got dark and something began to drop from the ceiling. We were so frightened that we just hung on to each other with our eyes wide open. It got lighter and lighter and after a while I heard Tatsuko's mother calling for her. She sounded very worried.
She took Tatsuko with her and I was left alone. I started to cry. A neighbor with dirt all over her face came out of the wreckage and said, \"Don't cry. Your mother is near by.\"
She ran off, too, and I was alone again. A little later, I heard my sister's voice through my sobs. I Iistened carefully. I could hear her calling, \"Kimiko! Kimiko!\" with all her might. I was so glad that my eyes got full of tears. My mother came, too.
\"Oh, Kimiko, I'm so glad to find you. And now your sister. Where could she be? I hope she hasn't been burned. Maybe, she's already dead,\" my mother said.
But we couldn't waste time. We were scared and wanted to get to a safe place.
As we walked along, we saw soldiers with bloated stomachs floating down the river. They probably had to dive into the river to get away from the flames. A little farther on, we saw many dead people piled up at the side of the road. As we walked on, my father saw a woman whose leg was caught under a large timber. She couldn't get free so he shouted for help but no one came. Everyone was too busy trying to get away to pay any attention to anyone else. Finally, my father shouted angrily, \"Aren't any of you Japanese?\" Then he got the woman loose by sawing off her leg with a rusty, old saw.
Further on, we saw a man who must have been burned to death while he was walking.
Mother said that she couldn't go any further and told us to go on without her. She sat down to rest but we couldn't go on by ourselves, leaving her behind. Then she scooped up a handful of muddy water from the roadside and drank it. This must have made her feel better because she got up and joined us again.
As we got to the countryside, farmers stared at us in amazement and asked us what had happened. When we passed farm houses, people would come out and give us rice balls to eat, or ask us whether we would like to wash our faces.
We stayed with our relatives for about a month.
After we arrived, Mother complained that her back hurt. I looked at her back and found a piece of glass about 3/4 inches wide and 1 1/2 inches long stuck in it. It had gone in quite deep because she had been carrying my brother on her back. We went to see a doctor and learned that we had been rather lucky. Many people had died and hundreds had been injured.
From the next day, Father went out looking for my sister. The bomb had exploded over Aioi Bridge, near the Hiroshima post office where my sister worked. She must have died without time to call for her mother or even to say, \"Oh!\" My uncle and aunt had gone to a place near the post office to collect some manure that day and both were killed. Their ashes were brought back to us, though. Not even my sister's ashes have come back to us.
All but one of the workers at the post office was killed. He picked up the remains of the other workers and then took a little of the ashes to each of the dead persons' families. We put the ashes before God and prayed that my sister would rest in peace.
Masatada Asaeda
3rd Grade Student in 1945
When we were playing in the school ground, an airplane came, but we kept on playing, only saying \"Why did they give the all-clear?\" All of a sudden, there was something like lightening and I covered my face with my hands. When I opened my eyes and looked around, it was dark and I couldn't see anything. While I was feeling around in the darkness, it became light. I was thinking of going home, and I found that all the houses around me had been destroyed and fires were burning here and there.
I started running home, crying and calling, \"Mother! Mother!\" But I couldn't tell where my house had been. I just went around this way and that, and then I heard my sister calling my name. I was shocked when I saw her, because she was stained with blood all over. I looked at myself; the skin of both my arms and feet had peeled away and was hanging off. I didn't know what all this meant, and I was frightened, so I burst into tears. Meanwhile, Mother had crawled out from the pile of tiles and dragged an overcoat and Father's cloak out of a trunk and wrapped us in them.
We spent the night in Yasu Shrine in Gion. Because of their burns, everyone was crying for water all night. The next morning, we were taken by truck to a Buddhist temple in Kabe. That night, my sister died. How can I describe Mother's grief? How can I describe the horrible scenes I saw in the temple then? Who can imagine the miseries we went through except those who were there themselves? It is entirely beyond my power to put the terrible sight into words. Countless people suffering from burns and wounds, groaning with pain, their bodies covered with maggots, and dying in delirium, one after another. It was hell on earth.
About the bomb Name: Little Boy
The A-Bombs used over Japan; Little Boy (left) and Fat Man—the test bomb (right)
2) What is the writer‘s occupation?
(An American journalist or reporter) 3) What was the aim of the visit?
(to gather information/ or report on Hiroshima today)
4) Did he ask the questions? What might be the questions he had prepared to ask?
(for example: Are People in Hiroshima today living a happy life? Do you think people have forgotten about the bomb?
How are people affected with the bomb looked upon by other people?) 5) What is the theme, tone, mood, the point of view of the text?
(the terrible effect of nuclear weapons upon people and their lives. A protest to nuclear weapons is voiced)
(the tone (meaning the way the author feels or thinks about the subject of the story): bitter,
upset, sad, ironic)
(point of view” first-person participant/observer) 6) What does the title of the text tell us?
(the ‘livelist’ city: the word ‘liveliest’ is out in quotation marks to show that this is what the city is said to be and the writer perhaps considers it ironic to use the word ‘liveliest’ to describe the city)
7) How many sections can the text be divided into?
(three: the arrival(Pp 1-7), dinner with the mayor(pp8-27), visit to the hospital(28—39))
Section One – The Arrival
General Questions (used as a thread to talk about the text)
1) What do you know about the author? How did the writer feel at the arrival? (happy, sad,
exciting, guilty, shocked)
2) What have you learned about Hiroshima and people (facts) there from this section? 3) The writer was ironical and humorous. Find words and expressions that show them.
Answers
1) What do you know about the author? How did the writer feel at the arrival? (happy, sad,
exciting, guilty, shocked)
The author was here on a reportorial mission. It was not his first one. he was occupied with sad thoughts. He considered the bombing a crime. He was tortured by a guilty conscience. He did not understand Japanese. guilty, bitter, sad;
had a lump in my throat—I was choked with emotion; I was so overcome with emotion that I
could not speak or think clearly. (a feeling of pressure caused by repressed emotion)
had a lot of sad thoughts on my mind – I was occupied with some sad thoughts. Have something in mind: remember; think of / plan to do
e.g. Have you anyone in mind for the job? 对于这项工作, 你心中有什么人选? What do you have in mind to do with him? 对于他, 你打算怎么办? Have something on one’s mind—worried about 惦记, 忧虑
e.g. My mother must have something important on her mind. I know it from that look on
her face. 我母亲心里一定在惦记什么重要事情.我从她脸上的表情可以看出来. I’ve had my father’s illness on my mind all day. 我整天都为父亲的病情担忧. Have something/nothing/anything/little/much/ to do with -- to be a(no) concern of, to be
connected with
e.g. whatever I do has nothing to do with you (very hurting words) The management of the college has much to do with our study here.
The very act of …--very + noun—used to emphasize that something is exactly the right one or
exactly the same one.
e.g. Everyone says he is the very man we need for this job. ‘most secret’, these were his very words.
Was I not at the scene of the crime?--- (rhetorical question) usually asked only for effect, as
to emphasize a point, no answer being expected. Preoccupations that I had—
Preoccupation—a state of mind in which one thinks about something so much that he does
not consider other things to be important.
If someone is preoccupied, he is thinking a lot about something or someone, and so hardly
notices other things.
e.g She looks very preoccupied. 她看上去心事重重. martyred city—a city that has been made to suffer.
a martyr—is a person who is killed or made to suffer greatly, as a direct result of his or her
religious or political beliefs, and therefore gives strength to people who share their beliefs.
Martyred person or behavior – people who often exaggerate their sufferings in order to get
sympathy or praise from other people.
2) What have you learned about Hiroshima and people (facts) there from this section?
advanced in technology (rapid development after WWII, like Germany) the fastest train – magnetic train (517m/hr) Japan and Germany
an obvious conflict between western influences and the traditional customs, they exist side
by side
teenagers and women—in western dress, miniskirt (fashionable groups) little girls and elder ladies – in kimonos (kids and old ones keep the tradition)
narrow streets, tall buildings, expensive land, traditional houses on boats amid beige concrete
skyscrapers
serious-looking men, bowing to each other tourism atmosphere
the cab-driver‘s behavior towards travelers knowing little of the way, avoid losing face,
3) The writer was ironical and humorous. Find words and expressions that show them.
the use and function of seven ‘littles’ in this section: little girls/ little bows/ little red
telephones/know little of their city/ a little map/ little old Japan/ little floating house.(大日本帝国—小日本)
chauvinism(沙文主义)—a strong, unreasonable belief that your own country is more
important and morally better than other people’s.
chauvinistic.
Bobbed up and down repeatedly in little bows – move up and down automatically the description of the cab-driver and the usher of the City Hall
cab-driver: grinned; lurched from side to side … sharp twists of the wheel; screeched to a
halt; avoid the loss of face
usher: heave a long, almost musical sigh.
Irony—is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant,
the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. This form of irony is called verbal irony, in comparison with dramatic irony.
Not every irony is of light and humorous type. More often it is used to veil feelings in a
subtle way, using words of praise where condemnation is meant and vice versa.
e.g. ‗liveliest city‘
Lump
a lump of bread a few lump of coal
There is a lump on his head where it hit the wall.
She was afraid when she felt a lump in her left breast.
Preoccupations
Because of his preoccupation with his book, dick did not know we had come into the room. Reading is his main preoccupation.
His greatest preoccupation was how to find money for a holiday in Europe
Rub shoulders with
This is mot the sort of club where the great rub shoulders with the humble. A person in my position rubs shoulders with all kinds of people. I should scorn to rub shoulders with such a person as that.
Pop
One of balloons popping popped.
Champagne corks were popping on all sides.
The magician had real rabbits popping out of his hat. His eyes almost popped out in surprise. He popped his head at the door. I popped the book into my bag.
Response
Our appeal for help met with no response.
The mayor‘s response to our plan was encouraging.
He came down to the cottage at Eastwood in response to an urgent telegram
In response to your inquiries, we regret to in form you that we can not help you in this matter.
Halt
He brought his car to a halt. The officer called a halt. The train came to a halt.
The travelers made a half for an hour. The old car ground to a halt around noon. I halted to speak to her.
The officer halted his troops.
Officials are working hard to halt inflation.
Concrete
Light is not concrete but a window is.
Have you any concrete thoughts on how to deal with this difficulty? The mark was a concrete example of his rudeness. ―Soap‖ is a concrete noun.
Cement, sand and water are mixed to make concrete. The walk was pared with concrete
Each airport has a cement concrete runway over 3,000 meters in length.
Incessant
The traffic thundered past our house all night and its incessant noise gave us not a moment‘s peace
Her incessant complaining is tiresome to everyone.
The incessant buzz of mosquitoes the incessant phone calls from the debt collector.
Stunning
You look stunning today She has a stunning new hat.
Her stunning outfit made everyone to look at her. The news was stunning
The fighter received a stunning blow on his head.
Embarrassment
She smiled with embarrassment.
―I beg your pardon,‖ said he, with some embarrassment, ―I suppose I should have knocked.‖
Ann Veronica felt a slight embarrassment.
That nasty child is an embarrassment to his parents.
Embarrass
Her evident joy at his return some what embarrassed him. He should always avoid embarrassing the student. He was probably afraid of embarrassing me. Andrew was at first deeply embarrassed. He wore an embarrassed expression.
Shy and embarrassed, the boy thrust the flowers at his girl friend.
Dictation 1 1. spectacle
2. concrete skyscrapers 3. intermezzo 4.incessant 5.preoccupations
6. kimonos
7. ritual formula 8. martyred city 9. ignorance 10. embankment
11.slip to a stop 12. step on this soil 13. rub shoulders with 14. be oblivious of 15.in response to 16. screech to a halt 17. sketch a map 18.heave a sigh 19.flash by Recitations Paragraph 1 Sentence making
1. 他干的事与我毫不相干. What he did had nothing to do with me.
2. 她睡不着觉,女儿的病使她心事重重. She couldn‘t fall asleep as her daughter‘s illness
was very much on her mind.
3. 他陷入沉思中,没有理会同伴们在谈些什么. He was so deep in thought that he was
oblivious of what his friends were talking about.
20. lurch from side to side
canal
4. 我喜欢教师这个职业,这样,我有机会和年轻人在一起. I like being a teacher, which
gives me a chance of rubbing shoulders with young people.
5. 他拥有如此众多的迷本身就说明了他是一个成功的歌手. That he has so many fans is
the very symbol of his success as a singer. (The very fact of his having so many fans shows that he is a successful singer)
6. 一看见纪念碑就想起了在战斗中死去的战友. The very sight of the monument reminds
me of my good friend who was killed in the battle. 7. 时间飞逝. Time is flashing by.
Section Two – Dinner with the mayor
General Questions (used as a thread to talk about the text)
1) What did the writer expect to hear at the dinner? How did he feel?
2) What have you learned about Hiroshima, its people and Japanese customs from this section? 3) The writer was ironical and humorous. Find words and expressions that show them. 4) Find all the words the author has used to address the bombardment.
Answers
1) What did the writer expect to hear at the dinner? How did he feel?
(The writer expected to hear some talks about how people in Hiroshima were affected by the atomic bombardment. The misery, etc.)
the strange emotion which had overwhelmed me… returned
be overwhelmed by a feeling—to be affected very strongly, and you don’t know how to deal with it.
e.g. The need to talk to someone overwhelmed her. He was overwhelmed by a longing for times past. Are you overwhelmed by homesickness? I was again crushed by the thought…
To crush—to press it very hard so that its shape is destroyed or so that it breaks into pieces.
be crushed by…to be upset a great deal.
e.g.Our hopes have been crushed. (希望彻底破灭了)
Although he got what he wanted, but he was tortured by the crushing guilt (极度内疚)
Where.. where... (parallel structure) …lingered on to die in slow agony linger—be late or slow in going away.
e.g. He loved the place so much that he lingered about after everyone else had left. The custom of …. Lingers on (is still observed but is now very weak) The memory lingered on for years.
A lingering fear of swimming after the accident
agony—great pain or suffering of mind or body 极度的痛苦 to die in slow agony
‘to’ indicates a subsequent fact (not a purpose)
e.g. He woke to find the house on fire (he woke and found…) The good old days have gone never to return.
We ran all the way to the station only to find the train had gone. In slow agony—transferred epithet To die slowly in great pain
seemed as inhibited as I was
to inhibit—to prevent something or slow it down, or to prevent someone from doing sth. e.g. The high price inhibits people from buying big houses. Government officials are inhibited from running business.
(sb) feels inhibited—if you say someone feels inhibited, you mean they find it difficult to
behave naturally and you think it is a bad thing.
as inhibited as I was… the faces grew more and more serious… more and more agitated, agitated –feel worried and upset, and show this in the behavior, movements, or voice e.g. Susan seemed agitated about something.
The man in the house was in a very excited and agitated state. Agitation, agitate.
e.g. The thought agitates her.
Dan lit a cigarette, trying to mask her agitation
jolting me out of my sad reverie
reverie—dreamy thinking, esp. of agreeable things; the state of being absorbed in dreamlike
contemplation; daydreaming
2) What have you learned about Hiroshima, its people and Japanese customs from this section?
a stunning, porcelain-faced woman
traditional white make-up, looks like porcelain
a stunning person or thing is extremely beautiful or impressive. traditional tatami matting, walking in socks
a monument has been erected at the point of impact (as the World Trade Center) two schools of thought in Hiroshima about the bombardment 1) to preserve traces of the bomb
2) to get rid of everything, to demolish the atomic museum. Do not forget to say that it is
the gayest city in Japan, even if many hear hidden wounds and burns.
Ask students their opinions
3) The writer was ironical and humorous. Find words and expressions that show them.
Treading cautiously on the tatami (I was not accustomed to walking in my socks so I walked carefully, fearing that something unpleasant or dangerous might happen) A twinge of embarrassment…at the prospect of meeting the mayor in my socks The spinal column becomes extraordinary flexible
4) Find all the words the author has used to address the bombardment.
Was I not at the scene of the crime? (pp1)
The misery of the humanity’s heinous crime?(pp19) The impact of the atomic cataclysm Dictation 2
1. cautiously 2. overwhelm 3. bombardment 4.linger 5. in agony 6. inhibited 7. flexible 8. agitated 9. reverie 10. heinous 11. impact 12. cataclysm 13.preserve 14. demolish 15. erect 16.porcelain 17. costume 18. twinge of embarrassment 19. linger 20.mayor Recitations
Paragraph 9 pp18 Sentence translation
1. 他一想到马上要见到在监狱服刑的儿子就感到一阵内疚. He felt a twinge of regret/guilt at
the prospect of meeting his son in prison.
2. 我永远也忘不了我的家乡,我在那里出生,长大,从那里踏上了成功之路. I will never forget
my hometown, where I was born and grew up, where I set out on the road to success. 3. 今天能请到张教授给我们讲学是我们的荣幸. Today, it is a very great honor to have
Professor Zhang to give us a lecture.
4. 大家在几分钟以后才领悟他话中的含意. It was only after a few minutes that his words sank
in.
5. 美国政府决定在世贸大厦倒踏现场建立新的大厦. The American government decided to
erect a new building at the point of collapse of the World Trade Center.
Section Three – Visiting the hospital
General Questions (used as a thread to talk about the text)
1) What happened to the old man? How did he face it?
2) What have you learned about Hiroshima, its people and Japanese customs from this section? 3) Was the writer ironical and humorous in this section? Was his tone different from that of the
first section? Why?.
4) Find all the words the author has used to address the bombardment.
Answers
1) What happened to the old man ? How did he face it? --a fisherman by trade.
--was in Hiroshima when the bomb was dropped.
--had no burns on his face or body (no injuries on the outside) --his hair began to fall out, his belly turned to water, felt sick --has been in hospital for more than 20 years
--he gazed at the writer ..with interest. (why with interest? It might be that the writer was the first person who had ever showed interest in him or in people like him and had come to see and hear them)
--has been making little lucky birds, congratulating himself. (bitterness, reluctance, ironical) (what did you feel at the old man’s words?
There is one kind of extremely sorrowful state of mind in the world:
e.g. a famous actress: the scene is: she lost her husband and two sons in an accident. The usual
way is the woman shows her grief by crying her eyes out. But at the moment, the director finds that the actress does not shed one drop of tear, she stands there, looking into a distance, dumb-faced, there is the lost, despair look in her eyes. The sorrow is more heart-breaking than any other kinds.
e.g. Example from the movie ‗Good-will Hunter‘ (心灵捕手), the deep-wounds hidden, never
to be touched, always covered up by vicious, irrational behavior.
e.g. In films, when something bad happens, it is the shock, the hysteria, then a long period of
suffering, then acceptance, then pretending to enjoy the state of suffering. I thought I had been spared –
to spare (v)—someone/or place is not harmed, although other people or places are harmed. e.g. We have lost everything in the floor, but thanks God, our lives have been spared. Not a man was spared in the flood. The city was largely spared from the flood.
To spare(v)—to spare someone an unpleasant experience, to prevent them from suffering it. e.g. I want to spare Jane the embarrassment of explaining the reason of her being late.
Prisoners are spared the shame of wearing uniforms when their families come to visit them
at weekends.
To spare(v) time or another resource for a particular purpose, you make it available for that
purpose.
e.g. She said she could only spare 35 minutes for our meeting.
He is a very busy man, and it‘s good of him to spare the time to talk to us.
To spare(v.adj.)—if u have time, money, space to spare, you have some extra that you have
not used or do not need, which is available for someone else. e.g. Come to stay with us. We‘ve got one room to spare. Can you spare me two tickets? They don‘t have a lot of spare cash.
The spare bedroom is on the second floor.
2) What have you learned about Hiroshima, its people and Japanese customs from this section? it seems that the atomic bomb victims do not get sympathy from people but prejudice. The affected people commit suicide Commit a crime/ a sin It is humiliating to survive…
Humiliate—to say or do something which makes one feel ashamed or stupid. e.g. She had been beaten and humiliated by her husband. Humiliation/ humiliating/ humiliatingly.
e.g. She faced the humiliation of discussing her theft in front of the class. Survive/ survival/survivor
e.g (sb.) survive in dangerous situations or illnesses…an earthquake/ a fire/ the bombardment/
heart attacks.
(sb) survive in difficult circumstances. He managed to survive on 100 yuan a month. People are struggling to survive without jobs.
(sb) survive someone else—continue to live after he is dead. Most women will survive their spouses.
(sth) survive –exist although there is a risk of it being destroyed or abolished.
When the market economy is introduced, many factories will not survive.
The chances of a small stall surviving the heated competition always look terribly slim. Encounter prejudice
People are afraid of genetic damage from the radiation Making lucky birds
3) Was the writer ironical and humorous in this section? Was his tone different from that of the
first section? Why?.
The tone changed into an objective one: telling what he heard and seen. Not ironical and humorous.
And his sympathetic and sad feeling.
Linger
The last guests lingered until 2 a.m.
We lingered in the garden until it was dark.
Children lingered outside school in the afternoon. Mother told him not to linger on his way home. The sound lingered in the air.
Days in summer, Basil, are apt to linger.
Linger on
The cold season still lingered on. The pain lingered on for weeks. The memory lingers on.
He lingered on long after he could function normally.
Agony
He suffered agonies from his broken arm.
She went through agonies finishing her exam paper. He lay in agony until the doctor arrived. H was agony to watch him passing.
This country must not again go through the agony of war.
Flexible
A piece of rubber hose is flexible.
The springs were made of flexible steed.
We need a foreign policy that is more flexible. We‘ll she prove as flexible in applying her economic program at home? a flexible schedule / flexible rules
Sink in
His checks have sunk in. Her eyes have sunk in.
He said nothing; he stood without moving, while the news sunk in.
The teacher explained it to me twice, but I‘m afraid H still hadn‘t sunk in.
Every one laughed the joke but Joe; it took a moment for it to sink in before he laughed too.
Reverie
He loved to indulge in reveries about his future. The child stopped crying and fell into a reverie. She sat at the window, deep in reverie. He was lost in reverie.
The mayor‘s plane is reverie
Confess
I must confess that I am at my wit‘s end. He confesses that you are right on one point.
He confessed taking part in a plot to free the prisoner. He confessed (to) hating the king.
She confessed to having a dread of spiders. He confessed to the priest before he died.
Won‘t you confess and be at peace with God.
Spare
Miss Constance, can you spare me a minute? Can you spare the time to help me?
Can you spare one of your sandwiches for this hungry boy? Can you spare 500 francs?
Spare your energy until the last lap. You could hare spared the explanation. The doctor tried to spare him from pain. The king spared the prisoner. He spared his enemy.
We have enough and to spare.
He spares neither himself nor his employees.
He spares no expense or effort in his desire to help us.
Dictation 3
1. corridors 2. Hiroshima 3. strethers 4. patients 5. commit suicide 6. humiliating 7. prejudice 8. opportunity 9. congratulate 10.interviews From Chinese into English
1. 镀镍的医疗器械 (nickel-plated medical instruments) 2. 以打鱼为生( a fisherman by trade)
3. 失踪的朋友和亲人 (missing friends and relatives) 4. 感觉恶心呕吐(feel sick)
5. 原子弹受害者 (atomic bomb victim) 6. 尘世烦恼 (earthly cares)
7. 怡养性情 (improve one‘s character) 8. 提前准备 (prepare …in advance)
9. 使人脊背发凉 (send shivers down the spine) 10. 遗传基因病变 (genetic damage) Recitations
Paragraph 38, pp39
Exercises in class
II, V, VI, VIII.
Written Exercise
Write a summary of the text within 500 words
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