1. Problem + Response + Evaluation
2. Narration combined with comment
Words and Phrases
My brother, Jimmy, did not get enough oxygen during a difficult delivery, leaving him with brain damage, ...
Leave sb. doing /with sth / done/ adj./ to do
• Although the infection cleared up, he was left with a persistent cough. • The accident left her feeling confused and hurt. • The train crash left 39 people dead and hundreds injured. Sentence Pattern • Sth happens/ sb. does sth, leaving sb./sth. with … (consequence) 某事发生/某人做了…, 导致了······（后果）
Revolve around
11-1
• The restaurant on the top floor of the TV tower revolved slowly, giving excellent view of the city
• The moon revolved around the Earth.
• Her life revolved around the children.
• The argument revolved around the cost.
Out-of-control kid-centered fun
• Meaning:
– to have as much fun as the kids like
• 复合形容词
– out-of-control, kid-centered
• more examples: Exercises VII
– color-coded n.+v. (past participle.)
– Well-dresses a./ad. .+v. (past participle.)
Hold sth together
11-2
• In those days the Church held the community together.
Administer justice
• Administer justice/ law/ punishment
– courts.
It is not the job of the police to administer justice; that falls to the
Track down
• I finally tracked down the book you wanted in a shop near the station.
• The police had tracked her down in a remote village in the south.
• Though the manager did his best to help, he was still unable to track down the source of the problem.
– Translation:
Pick on sb.
• The boy was always picking on her.
• Why pick on me. There are others who are absent from class.
11-3
Tell on sb
• If you hit me, I’ll tell.
• The prisoner hoped to gain freedom by telling on his companions.
Disguise
• N.
– Your disguise cannot fool anyone.
– The taxi driver turned out to be a police officer in disguise.
– Beneath the disguise/ surface
• surface.
He seemed calm, but there was a lot of anger beneath the
• V.
– The policeman disguised himself as a taxi driver.
In /with disbelief
• He took a step back and shook his head in disbelief.
11-4
• The nation and the world looked on in disbelief.
Usually very agreeable, he now quit speaking altogether and no amount of words could penetrate the vacant expression he wore on his face.
• Sentence structure
• Vacant expression; blank expression
– A pained expression crossed her face.
– There was a blank expression on her face.
– Wear the vacant expression on one’s face
• Translation: Penetrate vt./ vi
• Sunlight penetrated the dirty windows.
• Explorers penetrated deep into unknown regions.
• What could I say that would penetrated his thick skull?
Paragraph 6
11-5
• Adjust to sth
• Right away
• Long to do sth/ for sth
• Work at sth
• On one’s own
pledge
• The president pledged to cut the budget deficit by half within the next few years.
• He pledged $100,000 to the school at the fund-raising dinner.
• He pledged that his company will give aid to schools.
• He pledged his cooperation.
• Keep/ take/ give/ fulfill a pledge
He had lived there for 11 years now with many different caretakers and blossomed on his own.
11-6
• Blossom:
– She has blossomed into a beautiful girl.
– His idea ten years ago when he was a freshman has now blossomed
into a successful computer business.
– season.
Trees and bushes have blossomed with new life at the dawn of a new
It is possible to have a home with room for both his limitations and my ambitions.
– Meaning
– Title –pun
Caring for someone who loves as deeply and appreciates my efforts as much as Jimmy does has enriched my life more than anything else ever could have.
– Sentence structure
Hit/ strike home
• If a remark etc. hit home, it has a strong effect on sb. in a way that makes them realize what the true facts of a situation are. 11-7
– His words went pale as his words hit home.
– The reality of the war didn’t hit home until someone from the
neighborhood was killed.
Reckon with
• Sth/sb. to be reckoned with
– They were already a political force to be reckoned with.
– Everyone seems to be talking about how India is a country which is full
of promise, and is set to become a force to reckon with in the future
Call on
• The UN has called on both sides to observe the ceasefire.
• I’ll call on Jill for an explanation why he has not kept his words.
Compare: drained and exhausted
• Drained:
– After losing the game, Coach Saylor came to the press conference
looking and sounding emotionally drained.
11-8
• Exhausted:
– The five of them were still exhausted from the 36-hour train ride.
Lead up to
• In the weeks leading up to graduation, we felt both excited about the future career and nostalgic about our school life in the past four years.
• They had a series of arguments, leading up to the decision to separate.
• I’m leading up to something quite important.
• We had wanted to let him know that no matter how difficult things got in the world, there would always be people who cared about him. We ended up reminding ourselves instead.
• Meaning
End up doing sth/ with sth
• Most slimmers end up putting weight back on.
• Anyone who swims in the river could end up with a nasty stomach upset.
• He could end up as President.
11-9
• I don't want to end up like my parents.
Get through sth
• His help got me through those hard days.
• It was a terrible time, but we got through it and then thing improved.
• Translation: • Jimmy had his sister to help him get through the painful days alone without his father.
Reconcile vt.
• We should manage to reconcile the need for industrial development with concern for environmental protection.
• It was hard to reconcile his career ambition with the needs of his children
The simplicity with which Jimmy had reconciled everything for us should not have been surprising. There had never been any limitations to what Jimmy’s love could accomplished.
• Sentence structure
11-10
• Meaning: theme
• Translation
Limitation
• Any limitation to the king's power could be permanent.
• Despite the limitations of the survey, it did suggest some general trends.
• The new law imposes limitations on campaign contributions
Grammar:
No matter how/ what/ where etc.
Just as …
Useful Sentence Patterns
Usually +adj., …now …
Sb. do sth, ignoring the fact that
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