留学美国签证研究计划模板大全

Descriptions of the research plan

Title: Synthesis, Formation Mechanism, and Properties of Different Metal/Metal Nanostructures

Keywords: Multi-Shell Nanostructures, Ionic Liquids, Electrochemistry, Multi-Functionality,

Porous Metal Materials, Low-Dimensionality, Green Chemistry Objectives: This program is to develop a novel method for fabricating heterogeneous or alloyed different metal/metal low-dimensional nanostructures, for example, multi-shell or porous Ag-Au nanowires, nanorods, and nanocubes using an ionic liquid as both the solvent and shape-inducing template. Synthesis of ionic liquids (ILs) with different alkyl chains and functional groups, as well as the formation of different metal/metal nanostructures with new properties are involved in this research plan. Alloyed or heterogeneous multi-shell nanostructures are generated by utilizing electrochemical (electroless) deposition or a simple galvanic replacement reaction in ILs. By controlling the size, shape, composition, crystal structure and surface properties of these structures, it enables us not only to uncover their intrinsic properties, but exploit their formation mechanism in ILs media, as well as their applications in catalysis, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), sensors, porous electrodes, etc. This green chemistry process also may be extended to synthesize other organic and inorganic nanostructures with novel properties,

morphology and complex form. State-of-the-art

Metal nanostructures have numerous applications as nanoscale building blocks, templates, and components in chemical and biological sensors, as well as electronic/optical devices, due to their interesting optical, catalytic and electrical properties that depend strongly on both size and shape. Over the past decade, impressive progress has been made towards the fairly good shape and size control of metal nanostructures [1][2]. For noble metals, more emphasis is placed on tuning the novel shape-dependent properties of these nanostructures in contrast to the size-dependency. A variety of metallic building blocks with unique properties have been synthesized including cubes [3][4], prisms [5], disks [6], and hollow nanostructures [7]. Currently the interests migrate to the synthesis and application of more complex structures with different metals, such as multi-shell and heterogeneous nanostructures having new properties[8][9], coupling a conception for optimizing preparative strategies in an environmentally benign system[10]. Therefore, besides creating novel nanostructures with unique properties, a problem arising from the utilization of volatile or poisonous organic solvents and additives is of much concern in view of cleaner technology throughout both industry and academia.

Most of the current shape selective synthesis of metal nanostructures that their optical properties are markedly affected by their shape and aspect ratio are centered either on a solid substrate by physical methods or in aqueous or organic media through chemical procedures [2]. For instance, complex and highly regular crystalline silver inukshuk architectures can be produced directly on a germanium

surface through a simple galvanic displacement reaction that only three ingredients were required: silver nitrate, water, and germanium [11]. Despite these advancements, however, limited reports have been reported on how the particle morphology and dimensionality could be regulated by the utilization of ILs[12].

Recently, environmentally benign room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have received increasing attention worldwide due to their favorable properties including excellent thermal and chemical stability, good solubility characteristics, high ionic conductivity, negligible vapor pressure, nonflammability, relatively low viscosity, and a wide electrochemical window. This class of fluid materials contains complicated molecular interactions such as ionic interactions, hydrogen bonding, л-л interactions, and amphiphilic polarization, rendering various molecular structures from merely local orderness up to macroscopic thermo tropic or lyotropic liquid crystalline phases [13]. These advantages make them actively being employed as green solvents for organic chemical reactions, extraction and separation

technologies,

catalysis,

solar

cells,

and

electrochemical

applications[14][15].

In contrast to tremendous growth in R&D on application of ionic liquids to chemical processing, the use of RTILs in inorganic synthesis is still in its infancy. There have been only a few reports on the shape-and-dimension controlled formation, by using RTILs, of hollow TiO2 microspheres [16] and nanowires of palladium [17], gold nanosheets [12], tellurium nanowires [18], flower-like ZnO nanostructures [19], and CuCl nanoplatelets [20]. So far, alloyed metal structures, either spherical nanoparticles or nanocomposite films, have been generated in

RTILs using electrochemical deposition of nanocrystalline metals such as Al-Fe, and Al-Mn alloys on different substrates [21]. However, formation of multi-shell or hollow nanostructures by controlling both the shape and dimension in RTILs has not yet appeared in literature, especially using an electrochemical approach. It is therefore proposed in this program that a new route to optically or catalytically tune the properties of complex metal/metal nanostructures through the control of shape anisotropy and surface morphology is established in RTILs using a green chemistry approach. The reasons we choose RTILs as reaction media are not only in the view of environment protection, but in the consideration of their diversiform molecular structures, which could be used as shape-inducing templates for the synthesis of new nanostructures. It is very unlikely that ILs will entirely replace organic solvents or aqueous systems or gas phase processes for the fabrication of inorganic matter. Nevertheless, ionic liquids with different functional groups may provide a means to fabricate nanostructures that are not otherwise available. The applicant has accumulated good backgrounds in shape-controlled synthesis and characterization of metal and semiconductor low-dimensional nanostructures with unique optical properties. A series of approaches have been used to fabricate Ag-SiO2,

and

Ag-TiO2

core-shell

nanostructures

and

Ag-SiO2-TiO2

nanocomposite films. During the Ph.D program, novel soft sol and polymer-assisted methods have been developed to form metal and semiconductor nanorods and wires, such as silver and gold nanowires, CdS and ZnS nanowires and rods, as well as anisotropic metal nanocrystals, for example, silver nanoprisms, gold nanocubes, nanodisks, and so on [22][23]. At the same time, tuning the optical properties through the interaction of nanostructures with femtosecond laser pulses to control the size, shape or dimension in nanometer

regime has also been investigated [24]. As for the institution to which the applicant is applying and the group of Professor XXXXXXX, equipments including TEM, SEM, UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectrometer and other emission spectrometer (static, time-resolved and temperature dependent), as well as the group’s excellent research experience in semiconductor and metal nanomaterials [25][26] provide a sound foundation for the implementation of this research plan, probably resulting in not only a better understanding of the utilization of RTILs in nanochemistry and electrochemistry, but creating new nanostructures, such as microporous Ag/Au multi-shell nanowires with promising applications in SERS, catalysis, etc.

A multidisciplinary approach and the planned activities

A multidisciplinary approach is designed in this proposal through integrating organic synthesis, electrochemistry, materials science and optoelectronics, aiming to fabricate different metal/metal multi-shell heterogeneous nanostructures including nanocubes, nanorings, nanoplates, nanowires and nanotubes. This research plan covers three aspects: The first one is to create novel structures through the reduction of different metal precursors in RTILs using reducing agents or electrosynthetic processes. The second is to produce porous low dimensional metal nanostructures by etching with specific solutions (e.g. concentrated ammonia or hydrochloric acid) or using galvanic displacement reaction and electrochemical anodization. The third is to investigate the formation mechanism and properties of these nanomaterials.

1. Synthesis of metal nanostructures with tailored morphology

2. Formation of porous low dimensional nanostructures.

3. Properties of different metal/metal nanostructures.

4. A possible extension of this research plan

Another important direction is to fabricate magnetic/semiconducting core-shell nanocrystals, such as Fe3O4/CdSe, or dye molecule complexed rare earth metals to form Gd(BPy)/CdSe using RTILs as reaction media. These nanocrystals containing both fluorescence and magnetic resonance embedded in silica nanoparticles can be used as probes for the study of biological materials, especially in bio-imaging. The magnetic/semiconducting core-shell complex nanocrystals offer distinct advantages over conventional dye-molecules, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and simplex semiconductor nanocrystals not only in that they emit multiple colors of light and can be used to label and measure several biological markers simultaneously, but in the capability to target molecules with a good spatial resolution.

Time schedule for the plan

May 1, 2006-July 1, 2006

Two months German learning in a Goethe Institute

July 1, 2006-Oct. 31, 2006

1. Discussion on the detailed research plan and the preparation of materials

2. Synthesis and characterization of low-dimensional nanostructures in RTILs

3. Publishing 1 papers

4. Attending one international convention on nanostructures and applications

Nov. 1, 2007-Mar. 31, 2007

1. Further improvement of the optical and catalytic properties of nanostructures by controlling their composition, size, shape and morphology

2. Formation of multi-shell and porous metal/metal nanomaterials and surface modification

3. Applications of as prepared nanostructures in SERS and porous electrodes, ect.

4. Publishing about 2-3 papers

Apr. 1, 2007-May 1, 2007

1. Summarization of experimental results and rethinking of the RTILs in synthesis of nanomaterials

2. Discussion on the possible extension of this research plan

留学美国签证研究计划模板大全（2）

Advisor’s information

Name:******

Organization: Northwestern University

Academic position: ****** Professor

E-mail: ******@northwestern.edu

TEL: ******

Address: ******, Chicago, IL 60611

Research plan

Background: A number of key transcription factors, including the Androgen Receptor, the Polycomb group protein EZH2, and the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusions, have been related to epigenetic changes and implicated in prostate cancer. As transcriptional regulation, for instance those by EZH2, eventually leads to inheritable epigenetic changes and thus altered chromatin status. Epigenetic mechanisms may be fundamental to tumorigenesis. Based on lab’s previous

work, we hypothesized that in aggressive tumors altered transcriptional controls and chromatin states lead to de-differentiation and a stem cell like cellular status. In our study we will reveal the link between transcriptional control and epigenetic changes including histone methylation, DNA methylation and the regulation of miRNAs.

Therefore the proposed work seeks to find the mechanisms between epigenetic regulation and prostate cancer. We plan to do the following projects:

Project 1: Cell Culture and In Vitro Overexpression, Inhibition and Function Assays.

From November 2010 to February 2011, I will conduct experiments on: cell lines culture, expression vector construct, RNA analysis by RT-PCR.

Project 2: Protein Interaction Assay, ChIP-Seq Assays and Bioinformatics Analysis.

From March 2011 to August 2011, I will perform the Assays on: Protein interaction between target genes, Chromatin immunoprecipitation using the histone methylation antibody and sequence the DNA fragments, Search the binding site sequence by Bioinformatics analysis.

Project 3: Paper Writing and Publication

From September 2011 to October 2011, I will write my research paper and submit it to a high influence factor journal.

Return plan

Epigenetic regulation, as one of the most fascinating research fields, has appeared in US & Europe since 2000’s. Now this discipline has emerged as a new research frontier and received more and more attention in the world. However, in China, epigenetics has only received little attention compared to overseas. In many universities and institutes, few people concentrate on epigenetic regulation. So plenty of researchers will be needed to work on this discipline in the near future.

With good expertise in epigenetic research including histone methylation and DNA methylation acquired in National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement in past seven years and a deeper insight into epigenetic regulation that will be acquired in Northwestern University, I am full of confidence that after the completion of my post-doctoral research program, I will be able to find a suitable academic position in some university or institute in littoral of China or my home province. With good training in U.S and profound knowledge in epigenetics, I am confident of myself that I will be more competitive and have a much better chance in China. In addition, I will share my research experience abroad with future colleagues in China.

留学美国签证研究计划模板大全（3）

Descriptions of the research plan

Title: Synthesis of Metal-Organic Compound (Grubbs and Schrock-type) Using for Polymerization

Keywords: polymer, asymmetric catalyst, mechanism, polymerization

1. Background and introduction of the research project:

Conjugated polymers play an important role in various electronic applications. Apart from their conductivity, their photo- and electroluminescence properties are attracting great interest. Owing to their luminescence properties, they are also used in several electronic applications, such as organic lightemitting diodes (OLEDs), solar cells, photovoltaic devices, lasers, all-plastic full-color image sensors, and field effect transistors. In principle, ternary systems, well-defined Mo-based Schrock-type catalysts and fluorocarboxylate-modified Grubbs-type metathesis catalysts may be used for cyclopolymerization. Together with palladium-catalyzed reactions such as the Heck, Suzuki and Sonohashira-Hagihara reactions, metathesis reactions, particularly those that can be accomplished in an asymmetric way, belong nowadays to the most important C-C coupling reactions. Due to the achievements made with catalysts necessary to accomplish these reactions, an almost unprecedented progress has been made in this area of research; nevertheless, the demand for new catalytic systems is a continuous and growing one.

2. The aim and expection of the research project abroad:

Its chemistry department can fulfill my project than any other domestic universities. Based on my professional knowledge, I can have a motivated research period and accomplish my Ph.D study.

3. The work plan after returning to China:

After completing my Ph.D study, I would like to return to my homeland and make use of my knowledges to serve the people.

Now I submit my application with full confidence in the hope of winning a favorable permit. Many thanks for your kind consideration!

留学美国签证研究计划模板大全（4）

Advisor’s information

Name: +++++

Organization: ++++++ University

Academic position: +++++Professor of +++++

Director

E-mail: ***@stanford.edu

TEL: 831 ***-*****

Address: **********

Research plan

Background: ++++++++++

Project 1: ++++++++++++++++

Form October 2010 to January 2011, I will conduct experiments on +++++++++++++++++++

Project 2: ++++++++++++++

From February 2011 to September 2011, I will investigate

++++++++++++++++++

Return plan

After one-year research in the United States, I will return to China to continue to be a college teacher in ++++++++ University. I will continue my research work and construct ++++++++++++++++++++++. In addition, I will share my research experience abroad with my colleagues and students. My research

experience abroad will help me apply for a higher academic position.

There is a list of my plans:

Plan 1: ++++++++

Plan 2: ++++++++

Plan 3: +++++++++

Plan 4: +++++++++

留学美国签证研究计划模板大全（5）

RESEARCH PROJECT:

TITLE:

BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT:

THE PREPARATION WORK OF THE PROJECT IN CHINA:

THE AIM AND EXPECTATION OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT ABROAD:

THE EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND DATA ANALYSIS METHODS:

THE SCHEDULE OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT PLAN:

THE WORK PLAN AFTER RETURNING TO CHINA:

留学美国签证研究计划模板大全（6）

课题研究项目/RESEARCH PROJECT)

题目/TITLE: Fabrication and Modification of Different Electrocatalysts of Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Metal/ Air Battery

Keywords: Metal/ air battery, Oxygen reduction reaction, Electrocatalyst, Electrochemistry

研究课题在国内外研究情况及水平THE CURRENT RESEARCH CONDITION AND LEVEL OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT AT HOME AND ABROAD:

The electrocatalysts of oxygen reduction reaction (simply called ORR) are the key electrode materials for the metal/ air battery. Noble metal and alloy, such as Pt and alloy, are widely used as catalysts because of their highest catalytic activity and most stable performance in all the materials. Considering their high price, however, Pt and alloy are not suitable to be applied in large-scale industry. Therefore, it is significant to find a less expensive catalyst to replace Pt and alloy[1]. Recently three types of transition metal oxides are considered to be the excellent catalysts with wide application prospect due to low cost and high performance. In this essay

I will introduce them as follows.

The first type is the series of Manganese oxides. Manganese oxide is cheap and its source is abundant. It has been widely reported that the series of Manganese oxides show well catalytic activity on the decomposition of ORR and H2O2. They are usually prepared by adopting the method of thermal treatment. The temperature of pyrolysis influences greatly the activity of catalysts. L. Jaakko discovers that the activity of MnO2 prepared by using pyrolysis at 500℃ is very well. Z. D. Wei [2] fabricated MnO2 with high catalytic performance by the pyrolysis of Manganese Nitrate at 340℃. The optimal weight ratio of MnO2 in the electrode is 6.7%. T. X. Jiang[3] prepared low cost and high effective electrocatalyst with MnO2 and rare earth chloride. It is shown in the experimental results that the optimal temperature of calcining is 300℃, and the time is 20 hours. It is generally thought that catalytic activity of the series of Manganese oxide in ORR is realized by the Mn(Ⅳ)/Mn(Ⅲ) electrode. The catalytic activity of γ-MnOOH is the highest among a series of Manganese oxide. J. S. Yang[4] synthesised nano finestra amorphism Manganese oxide by adopting the method of low temperature liquid phase redox. Its catalytic activity center is considered to be more than that of crystal MnO2, and this type of material with poriferous structure is more suitable to be used to make poriferous electrode.

Perovskite complex metal oxide is another type of catalyst studied by many researchers. The structure of perovskite complex metal oxides is ABO3, of which A is rare earth element and B is transition metal element. Due to its high conductivity (about 104 Ω-1•cm-1) and well ORR electrocatalytic activity, it is a kind of excellent

double function ORR catalyst material. It is shown in researches[5] that the catalytic activity of oxide with structure of pure ABO3 is not very high. When A position is partly replaced by some low valence metal ions, the property of B position ion and vicinal oxygen ion can be improved. Complex valence of B position ion and vacancy of cation can be formed, which heightens the catalytic activity of complex oxide. The catalytic activity is better when A position ion is La or Pr, so the research of this respect is very common. B position ion plays a decisive role in the catalytic activity of this type of oxides. The sequency of catalytic activity is Co>Mn>Ni>Fe>Cr. The catalytic activity is the highest when B position is Fe. Both activity and stability of complex oxides are better when B position is Mn or Ni. There are several methods of fabricating perovskite complex metal oxide. The method of Acetate Decomposition (AD) is used commonly in the early stage. The temperature of calcining is between 800 and 900℃ and time of calcining is as long as about 10 hours. The method of amorphism citric acid precursor (ACP) is a modified method of AD. The temperature of calcining is fall at 600℃ and time is shortened to 2 hours. The sol-gel method can obtain nano material with larger specific surface area and better catalytic activity. Therefore, it is widely used in the fabrication of perovskite metal oxide catalyst.

Finally, the spinel transition metal oxide is one type of catalyst with bright prospect. The general formula of its molecule is AB2O4. In this type of compound the vacancy of tetrahedron and octahedron and oxygen co-ordination was occupied by the transition metal ion with approximate radius. It is approved by many researchers that the catalytic mechanism of spinel transition metal oxide on ORR is similar with that of perovskite transition metal oxide.

Although there are many kinds of material which can cause catalytic effect on ORR, few can be used in practical industry. The noble metal, such as Pt and alloy, possess high catalytic activity and stability, but it can not be used in large-scale industry because of their expensive price. Transition metal oxides are thought to have a wide application future because of their well catalytic activity, high stability and low cost. However, the catalytic mechanism is still unknown to us. The structure, the component and ratio of elements can not be designed under the direction of theory. Much exploration work need us to finish.

研究课题的目的及预期目标THE AIM AND EXPECTATION OF THE RESEARCH:

I will engage in the research under the direction of Professor *** at *** University and Professor *** at *** University. They recommended me to research fabrication and modification of different electrocatalysts of oxygen reduction reaction in metal/ air battery, which will be very interesting in the future. Under their direction, theoritically, I will investigate the mechanism of fabrication of transition metal oxide, seek an effective and economical method to prepare the electrocatalyst, get the optimal experimental parameters of preparation process, and I will also explore the mechanism of ORR. During this period I will publish several papers or apply some patents related with my research if possible. And I will finish my dissertation of PhD./

拟留学院校在此学科领域的水平和优势THE LEVEL AND ADVANTAGE OF THE HOSTING FOREIGN INSTITUTION ON THIS PROJECT:,

The institution I wants to work in is the school of chemistry at Monash University. It has at least three advantages as follows. Firstly, there are advanced experiment instruments. Facilities in the laboratory are Zeta Potential and Size Analyzer, XRD, XRF, AFM, Electrochemical Impedance Analyzer, Polarization Apparatus, Capillary Electrophoresis, etc. And in the department there are also SEM, TEM, EPMA, etc. Secondly, solid basic research work has been done by the researchers in the laboratory. Great work about the research of electrocatalysts in metal/ air battery has been finished by them. Finally, excellent research environment has formed in the institution. The fabrication technology of electrocatalysts in metal/ air battery is advanced in Australian manufacture. There is frequent cooperation between these manufacturers and the institution, so I can learn the most advanced technology in this field.

回国后工作/学习计划THE STUDY/WORK PLAN AFTER RETURNING TO CHINA:

After I finish my PhD study and return to my home country, I will do some further reserch on the preparation of electrocatalysts in metal/ air battery. I will investigate the most proper method to fabricate the catalysts with high performance. And I wants to grasp the optimal parameters of the production technology. I hope the technology can be applied widely in the industry of my country.

留学美国签证研究计划模板大全（7）

Study/Research Plan

NameE-mail

Current UniversityDepartment of **************

***********University

EmployDepartment of **********, University of *******

PositionMaster/PhD, Graduate Research Assistant/TA

Research Sponsor********** program,

funds from University of ********

Proposed PeriodFrom August, 2006 to June, 2008

The period depends on the progress of the work.

Contact in USDepartment of *********，ADDRESS

Key Words***，****，***

Purpose

Contents

Method

Application

My Career Goal