㈠一般现在时肯定句：表示“（某地）有某物”
1. There is+a/an+单数可数名词（＋介词短语）表示“（在某地）有一个……” 2. There is+不可数名词（＋介词短语）表示“（在某地）有……” 3. 注：⑴some(用于肯定句)否定句和疑问句时用any；
4. ⑵a lot of /lots of /plenty of /a great deal of /a great amount of都可以修饰不可数名词，但否定句常用not much＋
不可数名词。a little“一点儿”也可以修饰不可数名词，但否定句常用little表示否定。 5. There are+复数可数名词（＋介词短语）表示“（在某地）有……” 6. 注：⑴some(用于肯定句)否定句和疑问句时用any；
7. ⑵a lot of /lots of /plenty of /a (great) number of /a good many/ a great many“非常多”；都可以修饰可数名词复数
形式，但否定句常用not many+可数名词复数；quite a few“相当多”也可以修饰可数名词复数形式，它的反义形式是quite few “相当少”；a few “几个，少许，数个” 也可以修饰可数名词复数形式，变否定句时常用few＋可数名词复数形式，表示“没几个”。
8. eg:① There is a new bag on the desk.在课桌上有一个新书包。 ② There is an old bike.有一辆旧自行车。
③ There is an egg in the bowl.在碗里有一个鸡蛋。 ④ There is some water in the bottle.瓶子里有一些水。 ⑤ There is a lot of bread in the fridge.冰箱里有许多面包。 ⑥ There are lots of pears in the basket.篮子里有许多梨。 ⑦ There are four bags on the desk.课桌上有四个书包。
㈡一般现在时否定句：表示“（某地）没有某物”
1. There is not a/an+单数可数名词（+介词短语）表示“（在某地）没有一个……”
2. There is not+any+不可数名词（+介词短语）表示“（在某地）没有……”(是There is some+不可数名词+介词短语的否
定句)
3. There is not+much+不可数名词（+介词短语）表示“没有很多……”(常用于There is a lot of/lots of+不可数名词+介词短
语的否定)
4. There is no +不可数名词（+介词短语）表示“（在某地）没有……”(是There isn’t any+不可数名词+地点的同义句形式) 5. There is little＋不可数名词（+介词短语）表示“（在某地）没有……”(是There is a little +不可数名词+地点的否定形式) 6. There are not any+可数名词复数（＋介词短语）表示“（在某地）没有……”(是There are some+可数名词复数+介词
短语的否定句形式)
7. There are no +可数名词复数（+介词短语）表示“（在某地）没有……”（是There are not any+可数名词复数（＋介词
短语）的同义句”
8. There are few+可数名词复数（+介词短语）表示“（在某地）没有几个……”(是There are a few+可数名词复数（+介词
短语）的否定句形式) eg:把下列句子变成否定句。 ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧
There is a pen in the pencil-case.→There isn’t a pen in the pencil-case.
There is an old bike behind the tree.→There isn’t an old bike behind the tree. There is some meat in the fridge. → There isn’t any meat in the fridge. There is no meat in the fridge. There is lots of cheese in the bag. → There isn’t much cheese in the bag. There are some oranges in the bag. →There aren’t any oranges in the bag. There are no oranges in the bag. There are a few apples on the tree. →There are few apples on the tree.
㈢一般过去时肯定形式把There is改写成There was；There are改写成There were即可。 否定形式在was/were后加not即可。was not= wasn’t; were not=weren’t
㈣There be句型一般将来时肯定形式：There will be=There’ll be；否定形式：There will not be=There won’t be
㈤There be句型现在完成时肯定形式：There have/has been；否定形式：There haven’t/hasn’t been
㈥There be句型过去完成时肯定形式：There had been；否定形式：There hadn’t been ㈦There be句型的一般疑问句形式
现在时：Is there (any)…? Yes,there is. No,there isn’t. Are there (any)…? Yes,there are. No,there aren’t. 过去时：Was there (any)…? Yes,there was. No,there wasn’t. Were there (any)…? Yes,there were. No,there weren’t.
将来时：Will there be (any)…? Yes,there will. No,there won’t.
现在完成时：Have/Has there been(any)…? Yes,there have/has. No,there haven’t/hasn’t. 过去完成时：Had there been(any)…? Yes,there had. No,there hadn’t.
㈧there be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化： 1. 对主语提问：
(1)当主语是人时，用“Who’s+介词短语? ” (2)当主语是物时，用“What’s + 介词短语?”。
注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的\"单数\"形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)<当\"疑问代词what,who作主语时,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式\因为这是对一个“未知”数量的人或物提问>。 eg: There are some apples on the table.→ What's on the table ? There is a little girl in the room.→ Who is in the room? 2. 对地点状语提问：
提问地点用“Where is / are+主语?”
eg: There are some apples on the table. → Where are some apples? There is a little girl in the room. → Where is the little girl? 3. 对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：
How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？ How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？
eg: There are four apples on the table → How many apples are there on the table?
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