非谓语

非谓语

四种形式 不定式to do, 动名词，分词doing/done 在句中不作谓语，可作主，宾，表，定，状，补。 作主语：Climbing mountains is interesting .动名词 To study abroad has long been my dream .不定式

它们都可以转换成以It 作形式主语的句子。 It is no use doing It is difficult for me to

作表语：不定式作表语表将来His wish is to buy a car in the near future

动名词作表语表一般性的行为His hobby is playing basketball 分

词

作

表

语

Interesting/interested

Disappointing/disappointed

作宾语：大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作宾语.但有些动词要求

只能加不定式作宾语的动词: afford agree appear attempt Beg demand design desire determine expect fail Happen manage wish pretend refuse

只能加动名词作宾语的动词：admit appreciate avoid consider delay enjoy escape finish imagine keep mind permit risk suggest stand allow advise forbid require 都可加，有差别：forget to do/forget doing stop to do/stop doing remember to do/doing regret to do /doing try to do /doing mean to do/doing

下面词组后用ing

can’t help can’t stand be worth devote to look forward to stick to be used to object to be busy feel like get down to

下面词用to do作宾补，EX : advise sb to do st

advise allow ask beg cause enable encourage forbid force help invite lead leave order permit persuade remind require tell warn want wish

使役动词和感官动词要求不带to的不定式作宾补,变

成被动语态时，则要加to ：make let have watch see notice hear listen to feel smell

作定语：不定式作定语 I need a pen to write with . There is nothing to worry about

分词作定语

He rushed into the burning house . The child standing over there is my brother . Have you got your watch repaired ? He is an advanced teacher .

作状语：不定式

His work was so good as to make him internationally famous

He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet The room is big enough to hold a hundred people . 分词

Seeing the teacher entering the room ,the students stood up When the students saw the teacher entering the room ,they all stood up .因果

Heated ,ice will be changed into water

When it is heated ,ice will be changed into water .条件 Not knowing what to do , he went to his parents for help 主动

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better 被动

*分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语须和谓语动词的主语一致。

否则分词必须有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词结构称作分词的 独立结构 ，或叫独立主格 。

If falling ill ,I’ll see my doctor .主语一致，可省略

The rain having stopped , the soldiers continued their match 不一致 有时侯也可用“ with (without)+名词+分词” 的结构，表示伴随情况。

He fell asleep with the lamp burning 疑问词who,what,which,when,where，how后

加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语。

When to start has not been decided . I can tell you where to get this book . 动词不定式的时态

I am sorry to have kept you waiting .

She seemed to have forgotten her promise . He pretended to have read the book .

He planned to have gone abroad.

I intended to have finished my work last night . We were to have sailed next morning .