高中英语阅读理解解题技巧

阅读理解 解题技巧

一、高考常见题型的特点及应考策略

1. 细节判断题

以原文中某一句话或某一个短语为入手点，考查学生对细节的理解。很多同学在做这种题目时比较喜欢在选项中寻找原文中的句子，但往往照抄原文的句子并不一定是正确选项。做这类题目时，应关注选项和原句的细微差异，选择与原文意思和所问问题都相符的答案。

2. 单词释义或句意解释题

要求考生以上下文内容为参考，尝试理解文中出现的生词、短语或句子。这类题目的解题关键在于其上下文，因为在考查点前后出现的内容往往是对这个词的解释、说明、举例等。如When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can't achieve something. Then, there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. 由前面的other可知distractions是与第一句基本相同的意思，第一句话表达的就是让人注意力分散的事情，下文又提到家庭、爱好，同时提到关键在于集中注意力。结合上下文可知 distractions意为activities that turn one's attention away。

3. 主旨大意题

如果是考查整篇文章的主旨大意，可以把文中每段的首句串起来考虑。假设是仅考查

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某一段落的中心思想，则可将该段的首、尾句综合起来考虑。

4. 标题选择题

标题的选择要遵循“精、准、全”三原则。“精”是指要用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心；“准”是指标题的选择要注意文章的外延和内涵，不能扩大或缩小文章的内容；“全”是指标题的选择应该排除掉那些片面的选项，而正确地选取能包含文章的主要内容及作者要表达的观点的选项。

5. 推理判断题

题目中常含有infer, conclude, imply， know/learn from the passage等类似的词。这类题目的选项特点是：

第一，有些错误的干扰选项只是对原文的简单重复，而非推断出来的结论；

第二，有些选项根据我们已有的常识看是正确的，但却不是基于文章；

第三，一些选项因果倒置，看似从原文中推导出来的结论，实际却与原文不符。推理判断题是阅读理解中最难的一类问题。我们必须以原文为依据去合理推测才能找到合适的答案。遇到一些很难在原文中找到明确的解题线索的题目，可以根据词句隐含的意义和作者的语气去分析推导答案。

6. 作者的观点、态度题

解题的关键是要看作者在文中用了什么样的口气。假设用褒义词，显然是赞成；假设

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用贬义词，显然是反对；假设客观陈述，则是中性的立场，不偏不倚。因此，同学们在做这种题目时，应注意其中所使用的一些形容词，另外，我们可以寻找文中的转折词，一般转折词后面的文段说明了作者的观点。如：

Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water.

文中however, eat up等词的使用，说明了作者对高尔夫等运动持反对态度，而更倾向于有利于环保的运动方式。

二、对平时的训练建议

1. 抓好限时训练

学生通过限时训练可以有计划、循序渐进地提高自己的阅读速度。做阅读理解训练时，尝试在原文中划出答案出处，这能帮助我们在阅读时以文章为依据，而不凭空猜想。

2. 养成良好的阅读习惯

学生在平时训练时要养成良好的阅读习惯。首先要防止“指读”。很多学生喜欢用手或笔指着文字读，这种阅读习惯容易使思维停留在手指着的局部单词上，会阻碍对中心思想的理解。而且这种方法比默读慢得多，会影响阅读的速度。其次要防止出声阅读。嘴唇随着文字而蠕动或发出细小的声音都会大大地影响阅读速度。还要防止过多地停顿回读。

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在阅读过程中由于对某个词语或句子不太明白，眼睛过多地重复同一个词语或句子，这样既影响阅读速度，又影响对文章的连贯理解和较好地获取中心意思，而且易使眼睛和大脑疲劳。

3. 掌握科学高效的阅读技巧

常见的阅读方法有三种：

〔1〕先文后题。即先把全文读懂，然后做题。

这种方法的缺点是：阅读的目的性不明确，记住的细节内容未必有用，有用的内容未必记住。答题时仍需到短文中去寻找，实际上等于降低了读速，降低了效率。

〔2〕先题后文。即先读问题，然后带着问题读文章。这种方法的优点是目的明确，在阅读时有所侧重，能节省时间。该法比较适合类似广告性质的细节分析型阅读理解题。缺点在于由于没有通读全文，不了解文章的主题、细节分布情况，因而不可能很快找到所需信息，有时很有可能断章取义，不利于做推理题和主旨大意题。

〔3〕文——题——文。即先快速通读全文，对文章形成总体印象，了解全文的题材、主要结构、中心思想、主题段、主题句，然后读问题，明白该文章的考查点，最后，再带着问题跳读文章，寻找与答题内容有关的词句，这样既提高了做题的准确性，又能有效地利用时间。因此，文——题——文阅读理解方法是多数人采用的，可提高阅读速度的有效方法。

4. 积累文化背景知识

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英语阅读能力的提高不仅需要一定的语言知识，还要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识。这就需要我们通过大量的阅读来积累。我们要拓展知识面，注意社会热点。我们了解的东西越多，知识面越宽，对文章的理解就越容易。

5. 注重长难句的理解

近几年的高考阅读理解题十分注重借助复杂语境考查考生对语言语法知识综合运用的能力。所选阅读材料中常有大量复杂单句和复合句，以此来增强句子结构的复杂性和语境理解难度。所以，理解长句、复杂句成了考生顺利理解阅读材料，提高阅读速度的关键。一般地说，造成长难句的原因主要有三个方面：

〔1〕修饰语过多；〔2〕并列成份多；〔3〕语言结构层次多。

在分析长难句时应采用“先缩后扩”的方法。先缩，即首先找出句子的主语、谓语、宾语，这样就抓住了句子的主干，也就从整体上把握了句子的结构。后扩，分析句子主干以外的从句或短语的功能以及和主干的相互关系。例如：非谓语动词的成分是什么，其逻辑主语是哪个，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个，介词短语修饰哪个词，and 连接的是哪些并列成分等等。

As is known to all, practice makes perfect.同学们如果能科学训练，持之以恒，阅读水平就会有质的飞跃。

高考英语阅读理解 专题训练

〔一〕

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Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey.

Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial skills), while women tend to excel (擅长) at recalling information from their brain's files (helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects).

Many studies have looked for a connection between sex and the amount of mental decline (衰退) people experience as they age, but the results have been mixed.

Some studies found more age-related decline in men than in women, while others saw the opposite or even no relationship at all between sex and mental decline. Those results could be improper because the studies involved older people, and women live longer than men: The men tested are the survivors, \"so they're the ones that may not have shown such cognitive decline,\" said study team leader Elizabeth of the University of Warwick in England.

People surveyed completed four tasks that tested sex-related cognitive skills: matching an object to its rotated form, matching lines shown from the same angle, typing as many words in a particular category (范畴) as possible in the given time, e.g. \"object usually colored gray\and recalling the location of objects in a line drawing. The first two were tasks at which men usually excel; the latter are typically

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dominated by women.

Within each age group studied, men and women performed better in their separate categories on average. And though performance declined with age for both genders, women showed obviously less decline than men overall.

1. The underlined word in the second paragraph means_________.

A. natural B. great C. obvious D. absolute

2. According to the passage, which of the following can Not be typed into the same category?

A. cloud B. sheep C. trees D. goose

3. Which of the following statements is true according the article?

A. Men do better than women when it comes to learning English.

B. Women stand out at remembering people’s names.

C. Men excel at typing as many words in a particular category as possible in the given time.

D. Women excel at dealing mathematic problems.

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4. One important factor that affects the correctness of the results is that _________.

A. the old men tested may not have shown such cognitive decline

B. people surveyed are all old

C. people taking part in this test came from all over the world

D. women live longer than men

5. The author aims to tell us that __________.

A. women’s minds perform better than men’s

B. men’s minds decline more with age

C. everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older

D. a survey on human’s mind decline was done recently

〔二〕

It seems that politicians around the world are thinking about the health of their countries. While in China, Chen Zhu has announced his plans for a universal health service and reform across health services. Gordon Brown, the UK Prime

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Minister, has also announced he is planning to make some changes in our health service.

The crux of Mr. Brown's proposals are related to giving the NHS (National Health Service) a greater focus on prevention, rather than just curing patients.

He is planning to introduce increased screening for common diseases such as heart disease, strokes, and cancer, for example, breast cancer. In Britain there are 200,000 deaths a year from heart attacks and strokes, many of which might have been avoided if the condition had been known about.

Initially, the diagnostic (诊断的) tests will be available for those who are vulnerable, or most likely to have the disease. One example is a plan to offer all men over 65 an ultrasound test to check for problems with the main artery (动脉), a condition which kills 3,000 men a year.

The opposition have criticized Mr. Brown's proposals, saying that they are just a trick, and claiming that there is no proper timetable for the changes. They also say that Mr. Brown is reducing the money available for the treatment of certain conditions while putting more money towards testing for them.

The NHS was founded in 1948, and is paid for by taxation. The idea is that the rich pay more towards the health service than the poor. However in recent years there has been a great increase in the use of private healthcare, because it’s much quicker. NHS waiting lists for operations can be very long, so many people who

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can afford it choose to pay for medical care themselves.

1. The underlined word vulnerable in the fourth paragraph probably means ________.

A. sick B. weak C. wounded D. old

2. All the following statements are true except that _________.

A. all people should pay for their healthcare at the NHS.

B. some people are against the reform of the healthcare.

C. the writer is likely to come from Britain.

D. more money will be spent on testing people than before.

3. Which of the following is the reason for the increasing private healthcare?

A. People are paying more attention to their own health.

B. People are well off enough to pay their healthcare.

C. The NHS was not available for most of the people.

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D. It’s not so convenient for people to go to the NHS for their healthcare.

4. According to the passage, the purpose of the health reform plan in the UK is to _______

A. encourage more private healthcare.

B. focus on the prevention rather than on curing the patient.

C. deal with the main artery problems.

D. fight against the opposition in the UK.

5. The author of this passage intends to tell us _________.

A. the NHS should be reformed right away.

B. more and more people are dying from diseases.

C. the plan to reform the NHS in the UK.

D. the criticism of Mr. Brown's proposals.

〔三〕

YANGON -- Myanmar has officially accepted an offer of the United States to

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send humanitarian aid(人道主义援助) to the country's cyclone(飓风;暴风)victims, state radio reported Friday in a night broadcastMyanmar Deputy Foreign Minister U Kyaw Thu gave the assurance Friday, saying that the country is receiving such relief aid from any country without limit at this time according to its policy() of dealing with the disaster, the report said.

Kyaw Thu denied rumors about Myanmar's turning down of such relief materials from Western countries but accept those from nations in good relations with Myanmar, saying that the country has never done so in this case.

Kyaw Thu said that well wishers abroad may make cash donation through Myanmar embassies〔使馆〕stationed there, while those who like to donate relief goods may present at the Yangon International Airport and seaports.

According to the report, the US relief aid would arrive in Yangon in days.

A foreign ministry's statement said earlier on Friday that at this moment, the international community can best help the victims by donating emergency provisions such as medical supplies, food, cloth, electricity generator, and materials for emergency shelter or with financial assistance,\" adding that \"Myanmar will wholeheartedly welcome such course of action\".

The government and the people of Myanmar are grateful to the friendly nations, the United Nations, international organizations, non-governmental organizations, private individuals and others for their sympathy and generosity.\" it

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said.

1. Which of the following is true?

A. The US relief aid was turned down at first and then accepted.

B. The US relief aid has been sent to the capital city of Myanmar.

C. There are rumors〔谣言〕that Myanmar has turned down the US relief aid.

D. Myanmar will wholeheartedly welcome such course of action but the US relief aid.

2. We Chinese may denote money to help the country's cyclone victims through_____.

A. Myanmar embassies in Beijing.

B. the Yangon International Airport

C. the United Nations

D. the Yangon International seaports.

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3. What can the international community〔组织〕best help the victims in Myanmar?

A. medical supplies B. financial assistance

C. electricity generator D. all of the above.

4. What is Myanmar’s policy toward the aids from abroad?

A. Myanmar prefers cash donation to relief goods.

B. Myanmar only receives emergency provisions such as medical supplies, food, cloth, electricity generator, etc.

C. Myanmar receives donation relief aid from any country without any limit.

D. Myanmar prefers relief goods to cash donation.

5. The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is _______.

A. How to help Myanmar.

B. Myanmar accepts US humanitarian aid officially.

C. Myanmar is receiving relief aid from any country without limit.

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D. The government and the people of Myanmar are grateful.

4

The largest earthquake ( magnitude里氏 9.5) of the 20th century haooened on May 22, 1960 off the coast of South Central Chile.

It generated(生成) one of the most destructive Pacific-wide tsunamis(海啸). Near the generating area, both the earthquake and the tsunami were very much destructive, particularly in the coastal area from Concepcion to the south end of Isla Chiloe. The largest tsunami damage occurred at Isla Chiloe---the coastal area closest to the epicenter(震中). Huge tsunami waves measuring as high as 25 meters arrived within 10 to 15 minutes after the earthquake, killing at least two hundred people, sinking all the boats, and flooding half a kilometer inland.

There was large damage and loss of life at Concepcion, Chile's top industrial city. Near the city of Valdivia, the earthquake and following aftershocks generated landslides which killed 18 people. At the port city of Valparaiso, a city of 200,000, many buildings collapsed. A total of 130,000 houses were destroyed --- one in every three in the earthquake zone and nearly 2,000,000 people were left homeless.

Total damage losses, including to agriculture and to industry, were estimated(估计) to be over a half billion dollars . The total number of death related with both the tsunami and the earthquake was never found accurately for the

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region. Estimates of deaths reached between 490 to 5,7002 with no distinction(差异) as to how many deaths were caused by the earthquake and how many were caused by the tsunami. However, it is believed that most of the deaths in Chile were caused by the tsunami.

1. Where did the largest tsunami damage occurred?

A. Concepcion B. Isla Chiloe C. Valdivia D. Valparaiso

2. What can we learn about the tsunami waves generated by the earthquake?

A. The tsunami waves as high as 25 meters arrived immediately after the earthquake.

B. The tsunami waves killed 200 people and sank all boats.

C. The tsunami waves were very destructive.

D. The tsunami waves flooded half of the inland.

3. What is generally thought the main cause of deaths in Chile?

A. landslides B. the tsunami C. aftershocks D. the magnitude 9.5 earthquake

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4. What is the total number of deaths in the earthquake?

A. 2,000,000 B. between 490 to 5,7002

C. 200,000 D. it was hard to know.

5. What does the underlined word “collapsed” probably mean ?

A. was destroyed B.. caught fire

C. was flooded D. sank

〔五〕 The history of the Games

Olympia

Olympia, the site of the ancient Olympic Games, is in the western part of the Peloponnese which, according to Greek mythology, is the island of \"Pelops\founder of the Olympic Games. Imposing temples, votive buildings, elaborate shrines and ancient sporting facilities(设备) were combined in a site of unique natural and mystical beauty.

Olympia functioned as a meeting place for worship and other religious and political practices as early as the 10th century B.C. The central part of Olympia was dominated by the majestic temple of Zeus, with the temple of Hera parallel to it. The ancient stadium in Olympia could hold more than 40,000 audience, while in

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the surrounding area there were auxiliary(辅助的) buildings which developed gradually up until the 4th century B.C. and were used as training sites for the athletes or to house the judges of the Games.

The Games and religion

The Olympic Games were closely linked to the religious festivals of the cult of Zeus, but were not a total part of a rite. Indeed, they had a secular character and aimed to show the physical qualities and development of the performances accomplished by young people, as well as encouraging good relations between the cities of Greece. According to specialists, the Olympic Games owed their purity and importance to religion.

Victory ceremonies

The Olympic victor received his first awards immediately after the competition. Following the announcement of the winner's name by the herald, a Hellanodikis (Greek judge) would place a palm branch in his hands, while the audience cheered and threw flowers to him. Red ribbons were tied on his head and hands as a mark of victory.

The official award ceremony would take place on the last day of the Games, at the elevated vestibule of the temple of Zeus. In a loud voice, the herald would announce the name of the Olympic winner, his father's name, and his homeland. Then, the Hellanodikis placed the sacred olive tree wreath, or kotinos, on the

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winner's head.

1. When did Olympia become the site of the Olympic Games?

A. In the 10th century B.C.

B. Before the 4th century B.C.

C. After the 4th century B.C.

D. It was not mentioned here.

2. Which one is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Zeus is the founder of the Olympic Games.

B. The ancient stadium in Olympic were used as training sites for the athletes in the 10th century.

C. The Olympic Games have much to do with the religion.

D. The Olympic victor would receive a golden medal.

3. Can you guess the meaning of this word “herald” in the passage?

A. the author B. the headmaster C. the announcer D. the manager

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4. When the athletes won the game, ______.

A. They were awarded immediately after the competition.

B. They were awarded twice. The first, immediately after the competition; the second, on the last day of the game.

C. They were awarded on the last day of the game.

D. They were awarded on the last day of the game or immediately after the competition.

一、参与解析：

1、答案为A。词意猜测题。男女大脑的思维在某些方面的差异是天生固有的。

2、答案为C。推理判断题。根据文章第五段可推断出选项中这类物体是以白色为限定范畴的，故选项C为答案。

3、答案为B。推理判断题。男性在推理和空间思维方面占优势，女性在提取大脑中储存的记忆信息方面占优势。故答案为B。

4、答案为A。细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知。文章只是说调查涉及到老年人，但并不都是老年人，故排除B。选项D不是造成调查结果不准确的原因。

5、答案为B。主旨理解题。根据文章第一段可知。

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参与解析：

二、参与解析：

1、答案为B．词意猜测题。根据其后一句“or most likely to have the disease”可知为“体弱者”。

2、答案为A．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知，能够自己负担地起费用的人们常常自己花钱去看病，这也就是说人们本来可以不用花钱的。故选项A不正确，为答案。选项B根据文章倒数第二段可知，反对党对这个建议进行了批判；选项C根据文章第一段最后一句可知；选项D根据文章倒数第二段最后一句可反推出来。

3、答案为D．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知，人们自己掏钱看病的原因是因为在NHS的等待时间太长，所以对人们来说不方便，故答案为D。

4、答案为B．细节理解题。根据文章第二可知。

5、答案为C．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后一句可知。事实上，本文作者重点介绍了英国的医疗改革计划，文章大量篇幅都在说明英国的医疗状况。

三、参与解析：

1. 答案为C.细节理解题。本文第三段首句Kyaw Thu denied〔否认〕 rumors〔谣言〕 about Myanmar's turning down of such relief materials from Western countries可知。选项B根据文章According to the report, the US relief aid would arrive in Yangon in days.一句可以排除。

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2. 答案为A。细节理解题。此题可以从第四段首句“Kyaw Thu said that well wishers abroad may make cash donation〔现金捐助〕through Myanmar embassies〔使馆〕 stationed there”确定本答案。

3. 答案为D.细节理解题。可以从倒数第二段找出答案。

4. 答案为C细节理解题。答案可以从第二段和倒数第二段找出正确答案。

5. 答案B.主旨概括题。从新闻的首段可以此题答案。其他选项均未新闻的细节。

四、参与解析：

1.答案为B.细节题。从文章第二段第三行“the largest tsunami damage occurred at Isla Chiloe---the coastal area closest to the epicenter(震中).”可以得到答案。

2.答案为C。此题为细节题，考察文章第二段的最后几句。A选项不是arrived immediately而是10-15分钟以后到来。B选项为至少200人，D选项不是half of the inland而是half a kilometer，故以上3个选项均有误。

3.答案为B。最后一段的最后一句“However, it is believed that most of the deaths in Chile were caused by the tsunami.”说明此题答案。

4.答案为D.细节题。, 2,000,000为无家可归人的数目；200,000为the city of Valparaiso的人口数。490 to 5,7002为地震和海啸共同导致的死亡数。

5.答案为A.由本段的下一句A total of 130,000 houses were destroyed可以推测出

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答案。

五、答案与解析：

1. B. 文章第二段提到公元前4世纪的时候奥林匹亚运动场建造的辅助设施用来训练运发动或裁判员休息，可见那时已经开始举行奥运会了。

2. C. 文章第三段说到奥运会与宗教有很大的关系。

3. C. 从文章后两段可以看出， “herald” 是宣布获奖结果的，所以可以推测出应当是宣告员。

4. B. 文章后数第二段提到第一次颁奖是在比赛结束时立即，最后一段又提到了官方的奖励，可见是有两次颁奖。

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