上海市某校2021学年高二10月月考英语试题
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文)
1. Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage
coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Spare Time to Read
Reading is not just about learning a certain skill. Nor is it just about learning how to create prettier combination of words. Reading is the best form of communication 【小题1】 is in a higher rank than mere conversation. Many successful people 【小题2】(share) the same kind of wisdom so far that if you want to become a kind of person you should try your best to spend time with this kind of people. If you want to become 【小题3】 with good manner, you should try to make friends with people who have good manner. If you want to become someone learned, you should try to stay in touch with 【小题4】(learn) people. If you want to become someone successful, you surely should communicate with those 【小题5】 are actually successful. But unfortunately, outstanding people are usually far away from us. If you yourself are not outstanding enough, it’s almost impossible for you 【小题6】(reach) them. And this is what reading is for.
A book is the embodiment of a great mind. Through reading you 【小题7】 communicate with those great minds. And this kind of communication is beyond time and space. Reading can bring you 【小题8】 the cage of your daily life. It shows you new opportunities that you’ve never seen. For a lot of people, this may be the only method to change their lives. 【小题9】 busy you are, don’t forget to spare some time to do it. If you don’t find yourself time to read, you’ll eventually find 【小题10】 without any time to live the life that you want to live.
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文)
2. Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
An hour’s nap at work may help IT programmers to write better code(编码), according to recently published research. So it does the same to children in learning. Traditionally seen as the 【小题1】 of older people or the very young, experts now say that a midday nap can reserve information overload,【小题2】 information processing and aid learning. These findings from Harvard University have important implications for learning real-life skills, including those 【小题3】 with sports, playing a musical instrument and IT workplace situations such as complex software coding.
The studies suggest that the brain uses sleep to restore overused brain circuits and
strengthen the 【小题4】 of actions and skills learned during the day. They have found that any amount of sleep, even a short nap, appears to improve our ability to 【小题5】 information and to learn. As part of the research, volunteers were trained to perform a complex visual task and were then 【小题6】 into three groups where some had no sleep, others a 30-minute “power” nap and another group a one-hour nap. The longer they slept,
试卷第1页，总21页
the better they performed. Researchers believe 【小题7】 that the brain continues to learn after training has stopped and this learning only occurs during the sleep.
According to the website www.self-hypnosis.co.un, self-hypnotism(催眠) will improve your self confidence, help you to 【小题8】 anxiety, sleep better, enjoy public speaking and create concentration and focus. The website gives advice on how to perform self-hypnosis at work. It recommends going to the toilet, a quiet room or even taking in some fresh air in the local park. Sit down, close your eyes and recall a time when you felt 【小题9】 and then focus on relaxing all the parts of your body. Try this for 10-20 minutes and you should 【小题10】 an increase in mental agility(机敏), creativity and problem-solving skills. 三、完形填空)
3. Human Civilization, Progress and Advancement
How did some regions come to be wealthier and more powerful than others? Two
historical events have shaped what is known as human civilization, and have ________ vast chasms in prosperity and power among human societies.
The first major cleavage(分裂) among human societies was between hunter-gatherer communities and settled, agriculturally-based communities. The former had ________ few members in a single community, largely because of limited ________ nutrition. The settled societies, on the other hand, enjoyed much ________ populations. Raising livestock in large numbers and harvesting large amounts of plants enabled them to ________ vastly greater nourishment than the hunter-gatherers, and thus they become more ________. The appearance of agriculture also allowed many members of society to engage in activities other than ________ food.
The development of social ________ allowed the products of what we know as civilization to arise: new inventions, art, music, architecture, cities, philosophy, etc. All of these things are possible only if people can ________ their time to something other than obtaining food or physical security, which hunter-gatherer peoples must do more or less full-time, and ________ peoples are able to separate classes and groups. The second major development to ________ certain human societies to advance beyond others was the rise of industry and manufacturing. The Industrial Revolution occurred thousands of years after the development of agriculture, beginning in the 18th century and becoming ________ in the 19th century. The Industrial Revolution was the single most important event in the modern era in allowing some societies to ________ in material wealth far beyond others.
Whether this development is sustainable(持久的) ________to be seen. It is not clear whether a previously agricultural society can fully reap the benefits of high technology and information technology without first ________ the massive social, cultural and political adjustments precipitated(加速) by industrialization. （1） A.observed （2） A.symbolized （3）
试卷第2页，总21页
B.created C.praised D.adopted
B.signaled C.signed D.featured
A.available （4） A.larger （5） A.balance （6） A.populous （7） A.consuming （8） A.prizes （9） A.donate （10） A.unstable （11） A.allow （12） A.consolidated （13） A.disappear （14） A.delays
B.special C.ordinary B.smaller C.wider B.produce C.protest B.incomplete C.inactive B.seizing C.testing B.classes C.parties B.direct C.devote B.natural C.settled B.punish C.manage B.outdated C.limited B.contribute C.conquer B.remains C.leaves 试卷第3页，总21页D.strange
D.longer
D.obtain
D.impossible
D.obtaining
D.sides
D.control
D.unsatisfied
D.plunge
D.involved
D.advance
D.waits
（15） A.opposing 四、阅读选择)
4. As the new semester begins，millions of college students across the country are trying
hard to remember how best to write a paper-or，more likely，how best to delay that paper． Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it．They can spend whole days in the library doing nothing but staring into space，eating snacks，surfing the Internet，watching videos and looking at their pretty peers sitting around them，who，most likely，are doing nothing either．
Paralyzed by their habit to procrastinate，they write micro blogs about their fears，asking their online friends if they sometimes have the same issue．But this does nothing to solve their problems．
According to a recent report by the BBC，95 percent of us procrastinate at some point and 20 percent of the world’s population are procrastinators，complicating their lives with their continual delaying of tasks．
Procrastinators like to find excuses to justify their behavior，but BBC columnist Rowan
Pelling says they are all wrong．Many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure．Pelling says this is nonsense，as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time．
She says the behavior of procrastinators often makes them feel flustered and ashamed，inconveniences others，and annoys loved ones．
Fortunately，social seientists have made tireless efforts to understand this behavioral shortcoming and offer strategies to control it．Piers Steel，a Canadian social scientist and author of The Procrastination Equation，believes humankind is“designed”to
procrastinate．Nevertheless，he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the task at hand．
The first one is obvious：Break the task down into small pieces and work your way through them methodically．
The second is clever：Give a trusted friend a sum of money and tell them that if you don’t complete the task you have undertaken by a specific time，they can keep it or donate it to a cause you hate.
（1）What does the underlined word“Procrastination” in the second paragraph refer to? A.A bad habit of putting work or tasks off． B.A thief who steals time and money in college. C.A college student who learns nothing． D.A study way of doing nothing in the library.
（2）Which of the following statements is true according to the text? A.College students can have their papers written if they delay them． B.Many students don’t know what to do in the library．
B.seeking
C.undergoing
D.promoting
试卷第4页，总21页
C.Students can’t solve their procrastination by writing micro blogs． D.20％of the procrastinators make their life complicated．
（3）According to Rowan Pelling，we can learn that procrastinators ____________. A.can find reasonable excuses for their behavior B.are able to work best under pressure C.are more likely to avoid mistakes at work
D.may upset themselves and their loved ones more frequently
（4）Which of the following may Piers Steel support? A.Human beings are not born to be procrastinators． B.Complete your tasks or work step by step．
C.Give your trusted friend money and ask him to help you finish your tasks． D.You can’t control procrastination but you can avoid it．
（5）What’she best title of the text? A.Who steals my time?
C.I’ll do it tomorrow，I swear!
5. How Your Money Helps
Membership activities made a contribution of over £3 million to the Museum last year. Your support plays a vital role, thank you.
In 2015 Members responded to an appeal to acquire the Stoney Waterloo Album. Through their extraordinary generosity, and that of the American Friends of the British Museum, the Museum secured this historic album in 200th anniversary year of the Battle of Waterloo. Visit info.museum.org.uk.
Designed by Sir Robert Smirke and completed in 1857, the Grade I listed Bloomsbury building requires frequent and painstaking work to maintain it. For much of the past year regular work has been undertaken to the main portico(门廊) as part of ongoing, vital repairs to the stonemasonry(石雕).
The British Museum is a museum of the citizen — its collection is for the whole of the UK. Last year 3 million visitors saw British Museum objects on display in museums and galleries across the UK. The Sikh fortress turban tour has been the most popular, reaching over 350,000 visitors and nine museums across the country. Visit citizen.britishmuseu,.org to learn more.
One of the most ambitious building developments in the British Museum’s history — the World Conservation and Exhibitions Centre — was completed with the support of our Members. The building in the northwest corner of the Museum site houses new state-of-the-art conservation and science laboratories, new storage facilities, and the Sainsbury Exhibitions Gallery.
试卷第5页，总21页
B.The solutions to procrastination D.Don’t do nothing!
Visit buildings.british.org.uk.
The Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS), managed by the British Museum, recently
announced the discovery of a significant Viking store of valuables in Oxfordshire. The PAS offers the only mechanism for recording such finds, which are made publicly available on its online database at finds.org.uk.
（1）This passage is most probably from ________. A.an announcement about the British Museum B.a science magazine about the British Museum C.the homepage of the British Museum
D.a newspaper advertisement on the British Museum
（2）If you want to know more about the museum of the citizen, you can visit ________ A.finds.org.uk.
C.info.museum.org.uk.
（3）Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A.The Battle of Waterloo happened in the year 1915.
B.Three million visitors saw British Museum objects on display in museums in 2015. C.The Grade I listed Bloomsbury building can be visited in Oxfordshire. D.Membership activities push forward the development of the British Museum. 6.
To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf's declaration that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.
Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or a robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish.
Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was
revolutionary is that it led to great social changes. It gave rise to mass production and,
试卷第6页，总21页
B.citizen.britishmuseu,.org D.buildings.british.org.uk
through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not restricted to the few. Computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The
Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.
（1）Why does the author give the examples of the Challenger and Chernobyl? A.To make it clear that technology could be used to destroy our world. B.To emphasize the author's worry about the safety of complex technology. C.To prove that being a human creation, technology is likely to make a mistake. D.To show that if not controlled by human, technology usually goes wrong.
（2）What does the underlined phrase \"went haywire\" in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A.made use of haywire C.went out of balance
（3）According to the author, the introduction of the computer is a revolution mainly because ______.
A.the computer has revolutionized the workings of the human mind B.it has a great potential impact on society
C.it has helped to switch to an information technology
D.the computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people before
（4）In the passage, the author clearly shows his ______. A.acute insight into the nature of technology
B.overall analysis of the replacement of the human mind by computers C.severe criticism of the role of the Industrial Revolution
D.comprehensive description of the negative effects of technology 五、六选四)
7. Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Lego recently announced that they will start producing pieces from sustainable sugar cane. The toys, which will be indistinguishable from classic Legos, will also feature botanical
试卷第7页，总21页
B.went out of date D.got out of hand
elements like leaves, bushes, and trees. 【小题1】.
“We want to make a positive impact on the world around us, and are working hard to make great play products for children using sustainable materials,” said Tim Brooks, vice president, environmental responsibility at the Lego Group, in a statement. “This is a great first step inour ambitious commitment of making all Lego bricks using sustainable materials”.
【小题2】. It is a soft, durable and flexible plastic — technically identical to those produced using conventional plastic. Lego says that we needn’t worry about the quality of the new products, as they’ve tested the plant-based plastic to ensure that it meets the high standards for quality and safety that consumers expect from the company.
【小题3】. Children and parents will not notice any difference in the quality or appearance of the new elements, because plant-based polyethylene has the same proterties as conventional polyethylene.
The move is part of Lego’s campaign to use sustainable materials in its core products and packaging by 2030, a move in which they have already invested $165 million. According to a research report, 4% of the world’s petroleum is used as a raw material to make plastic, and another 4% is used in the plastic-making process. 【小题4】. With this in mind, Lego has partnered with WWF to play their part, joining the Bioplastic Feedstock Alliance(BFA), which supports the responsible development of plastic made from plant material.
The LEGO Group’s decision to pursue sustainably sourced bio-based plastic represents an incredible opportunity to reduce dependence on limited resources, and their work with the Bioplastic Feedstock Alliance will allow them to connect with other companies to continue to think creatively about sustainability.
A．With the latest learning toys, construction toys and more, your little ones can enjoy endless hours of imaginative play.B．LEGO products have always been about providing high quality experiences giving every child the chance to shape their own world through creative play.C．Lego’s current bricks are made from oil-based plastics.D．Since plastic is so
common and so non-eco-friendly, finding ways to replace it is extremely important.E．The new line of production has reportedly already started with pieces being produced from polyethylene(聚乙烯).F．The overall design of the space is a modern and mature interpretation of a youthful brand. 六、概要写作)
8. Direction: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Starbucks In China Is So Expensive
China’s national television network CCTV recently launched another of its campaigns against yet another foreigner brand that has become hugely popular in China: Starbucks. The report intended to spark something about the Starbucks Pricing Controversy and compared the price of a latte at Starbucks in China with those in other countries around the world, the Price of a 354 ml Medium Cup Latte—27 Yuan at a Starbucks in Beijing; 24.25 yuan at a
Starbucks in London, UK; 19.98 yuan at a Starbucks in Chicago, USA;14.6 yuan at a Starbucks in Bombay, India.
The report basically was true: Starbucks in China is more expensive than pretty much
anywhere else in the world. But it completely missed the point: Regarding the cost structure, as others have pointed out, they have a high cost model for producing coffee beverages and other products. Principally, they are often located in high rent areas, and are
optimized(使……优化) for service quality rather than cost-efficiency. Regarding how they are
试卷第8页，总21页
able to charge such high prices, it is largely a product of branding and convenience. In China, Starbucks, and many other cafe chains like them, don’t just sell caffeinated
beverages, they provide a luxury service for middle and upper class class consumers; they sell class consciousness, status. The fact that they are expensive is one of their biggest selling points, it is well known fact that Starbucks is expensive, and this is commercially inhibiting factor, it is one of the chain’s best marketing strategies. Starbucks doesn’t sell coffee in China, but sells status. It is the same rule for just about every other company
marketing its good and services towards China’s moneyed classes: luxury items in China are far more expensive than in the West for no other reason than the fact that this country has a rather large, new rich consumer class which desires the status symbols to separate themselves from the masses. 七、汉译英)
9. Direction: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
（1）所有成功人士都知道每一分钟很重要。（aware）
（2）看书会使你放慢节奏，还会让你从更感性的角度看待事物。（force）
（3）从全球范围来看，生活在上海的年轻人睡得更早，而生活在深圳的年轻人则是最不愿意上床睡觉的。（while）
（4）红海行动(OPERATION RED SEA），这部时长两个多小时的电影，2月16日在北京首映赢得了阵阵掌声。这部电影能够从心底里激发中国人民的民族自豪感。（which） 八、提纲类作文)
10. Direction: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
为了改变传统的教学方式，激发同学们的学习热情，明启中学将在近日就讲座式教学（Lectures）和讨论式教学（Discussions）向全体学生征询意见。假定你是该学校的学生王磊，请你给上海学生报（SSP）主编写封信，表达你的观点。你的信函包括以下内容：
1. 比较“讲座式教学”和“讨论式教学”的优缺点； 2. 你的态度
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
试卷第9页，总21页
参考答案与试题解析
上海市某校2021学年高二10月月考英语试题
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文 1.
【答案】
【小题1】that
【小题2】have shared 【小题3】someone 【小题4】learned 【小题5】who 【小题6】to reach 【小题7】can 【小题8】out of
【小题9】No matter how 【小题10】yourself 【考点】 细节理解 推理判断 说明文阅读
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了阅读的重要性，指出阅读不仅仅是学习某种技能，更是比对话更高级的交流方式。通过阅读
人们可以有机会接触到伟大的思想，建议人们应当抽出时间来阅读提升自我。
【小题1】考查定语从句关系词。句意：阅读是比对话更高级的交流方式。本句为定语从句修饰先行词communication，且先行
词由形容词最高级修饰，指物，关系词只能用that. 故填that.
【小题2】考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，许多成功人士都分享了同样的智慧，如果你想成为这样的人，你应该尽你最大的
努力和这样的人在一起。根据下文sofar可知，应用现在完成时，且主语为Many successful people为复数形式，故填have shared.
【小题3】考查代词。句意：如果你想成为一个有礼貌的人，你应该试着和有礼貌的人交朋友。结合句意以及下文lf you want to
become someonelearned可知，此处表示“某个有礼貌的人”应用不定代词someone. 故填someone.
【小题4】考查形容词。句意：如果你想成为一个博学的人，你应该尽量与博学的人保持联系。people为名词，需要形容词修饰
，表示“博学的”，所以空处填learned，故填learned.
【小题5】考查定语从句关系词。句意：如果你想成为成功人士，你当然应该和那些真正成功的人交流。本句为定语从句修饰现
行词those，且先行词在从句中作主语，指人，故用关系代词who. 故填who.
【小题6】考查固定句式。句意：如果你自己不够优秀，你几乎不可能接触到他们。固定句式it is impossible for sb. to do sth. 做 某事对某人来说不可能，故填to reach.
【小题7】考查情态动词。句意：通过阅读，你可以与那些伟大的思想交流。根据下
试卷第10页，总21页
文communicate为动词原形，可知应填情态 动词，结合句意表示“可以；能够”，故填can.
【小题8】考查介词短语。句意：阅读可以让你走出日常生活的牢笼。结合句意可知，表示“自……离开”，短语为out of，故填out of.
【小题9】考查连词。句意：不管你有多忙，都别忘了抽出点时间来做这件事。本句为让步状语从句，表示“无论怎样；不管怎样 \"，故填no matter how. 故填No matter how.
【小题10】考查代词。句意：如果你没有时间读书，你最终会发现你没有时间过你想要的生活。这里表示“你自己”，动作回到主 语本身，应用反身代词yourself. 故填yourself. 【解答】 此题暂无解答
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文 2.
【答案】 【小题1】c 【小题2】E 【小题3】D 【小题4】B 【小题5】G 【小题6】J 【小题7】A 【小题8】F 【小题9】1 【小题10】K 【考点】 说明文写作 说明文短文改错 科教类阅读 科普知识 说明文七选五 词汇运用题 说明文语法填空
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。传统上，午睡被认为是老年人和年轻人的专利，而最新研究表明，大脑利用睡眠来恢复过度使用的大脑回路
，加强对白天学习的动作和技能的记忆。他们发现，任何数量的睡眠，即使是短暂的小睡，似乎都能提高我们处理信息和学习
的能力。文章同时说明了实验经过以及一个网站关于自我催眠的说法。
【小题1】考查固定短语。句意：传统上，午睡被认为是老年人和年轻人的专利，现在专家们说，午睡可以储备超载的信息，增
强信息处理能力，有助于学习。表示“……的专利/专属”，短语为the preserve of sb. 故填preserve. 故选C.
【小题2】考查动词。结合上文experts now say that a midday nap can reserve
试卷第11页，总21页
information overload可知，应填动词原形，且结 合句意表示“增强；巩固”，故填enhance. 故选E.
【小题3】考查非谓语动词。句意：哈佛大学的这些发现对学习现实生活中的技能有重要的影响，包括那些涉及体育、演奏乐器
和IT工作环境的技能，比如复杂的软件编码。根据上文includīng those可知，应填非谓语动词，且结合句意表示“涉及”，且与
those构成被动关系用过去分词，故填involved. 故选D.
【小题4】考查名词。句意：研究表明，大脑利用睡眠来恢复过度使用的大脑回路，加强对白天学习的动作和技能的记忆。结合
上文the可知，应填名词，结合句意可知表示“记忆”为memory，此处应用复数形式memories. 故选B.
【小题5】考查动词。句意：他们发现，任何数量的睡眠，即使是短暂的小睡，似乎都能提高我们处理信息和学习的能力。根据
上文appears to improve our ability to可知，应填动词原形，且根据句意表示“处理”，故填process. 故选G.
【小题6】考查动词时态语态。句意：作为研究的一部分，志愿者们被训练完成一项复杂的视觉任务，然后被分成三组，一组不
睡觉，另一组小睡30分钟，另一组小睡一小时。根据下文into three groups可知，表示“被分成三组\"，且从上文volunteers were
trained to perform a complex visual task and were then可知，为一般过去时的被动语态，故填divided. 故选J.
【小题7】考查副词。句意：研究人员坚信，大脑在停止训练后仍在继续学习，而这种学习只发生在睡眠期间。believe为动词
，需要副词修饰，表示“坚定地”，故填firmly. 故选A.
【小题8】考查动词。句意：根据网站www. self-hypnosis. co. un的说法，自我催眠可以提高你的自信，帮助你控制管理，提高睡
眠质量，享受演讲的乐趣，让你更加专注。根据上文help you to可知，应填动词原形，表示“管理”，故填manage. 故选F.
【小题9】考查形容词。句意：坐下来，闭上眼睛，回忆一下你感到放松的时候，然后集中精力放松身体的各个部位。根据上文
felt可知，应填形容词，表示“放松的”，修饰人应用-ed结尾形容词，故填relaxed. 故选I.
【小题10】考查动词。句意：试着这样做10-20分钟，你会体验到自己的思维敏捷度、创造力和解决问题的能力都有所提高。根
据上文should可知，应填动词原形，表示“体验”，故填experience. 故选K. 【解答】 此题暂无解答 三、完形填空 3.
【答案】 B D A A D A
试卷第12页，总21页
D B C C A A D B C
【考点】 说明文阅读 说明文写作
【解析】
（1）考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个历史事件塑造了所谓的人类文明，并在人类社会中创造了繁荣和权利的巨大鸿沟。A.
observed观察；B. created创造；C. praised称赞；D. adopted采用。根据上文Two historical events have shaped what is known
as human civilization中shape“塑造”可知这两个历史事件塑造了所谓的人类文明，并在人类社会中创造了繁荣和力量的巨大鸿沟 。故选B.
（2）考查动词词义辨析。句意：前者是由少部分成员组成部落，这主要是因为可获得的营养有限。A. symbolized象征；B.
signaled发信号；C. signed署名；D. featured起重要作用；以。. …为主要组成。结合后文few members in a single community可推
知一个群落中由少部分成员组成，短语 feature sb/sth”以某人/某物为主要组成”。故选D.
（3）考查形容词词义辨析。句意：前者是由少部分成员组成部落，这主要是因为可获得的营养有限。A. available可获得的
; B. special特别的；C. ordinary普通的；D. strange奇怪的。结合上文few members可知成员很少是因为可获得的营养有限。故 选A.
（4）考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，定居社会的人口要多得多。A. larger更大的；B. smaller更小的；C. wider更宽
的；D. longer更长的。结合下文Raising livestock in large numbers and harvesting large amounts of plants可知定居社会能大量
饲养牲畜和收获大量植物因此拥有更多的人口。修饰population需要用large/small修饰，故选A.
（5）考查动词词义辨析。句意：大量饲养牲畜和收获大量的农作物使他们比狩猎采集者获得更多的营养，因此他们的人口
变得更多。 A. balance平衡；B. produce产生；C. protest抗议；D. obtain获得。结合上文Raising livestock in large numbers and
harvesting large amounts of plants enabled them to可知大量饲养牲畜和收获大量的植物
试卷第13页，总21页
能够让定居社会中的人们获得更多的营 养，故选D.
（6）考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大量饲养牲畜和收获大量的农作物使他们比狩猎采集者获得更多的营养，因此他们的人
口变得更多。A. populous人口多的；B. incomplete未完成的；C. inactive不活跃的；D. impossible不可能的。结合上文可知定居
社会的人们因为能获得比狩猎采集者更多的营养，因此拥有比狩猎采集社会更多的人口。故选A.
（7）考查动词词义辨析。句意：农业的出现也使许多社会成员得以从事除获取粮食以外的活动。A. consuming消费；B.
seizing抓住；C. testing测试；D. obtaining获得。根据上文可知定居社会的人们大量饲养牲畜和收获大量的农作物是在进行农业
生产，故农业的出现使得社会成员能够进行除了获取粮食以外的其他活动。故选D. （8）考查名词词义辨析。句意：社会阶级的发展使我们所知道的文明的产物得以产生：新发明、艺术、音乐、建筑、城市
、哲学等等。 A. prizes奖品；B. classes阶级；C. parties聚会；D. sides边。结合下文peoples are able to separate classes and
groups. 可知定居社会中社会阶级的发展使其他文明得以产生。故选B.
（9）考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有这些事情都是可能的，除非人们能把时间致力于在获取食物或身体安全以外的事情上
，而这些事情是采猎民族或多或少都必须全职去做的，而且定居的民族能够区分阶级和群体。A. donate捐赠；B. direct指导；C.
devote致力于；D. control控制。结合下文peoples are able to separate classes and groups. 可知是将时间致力于获取食物或身体 安全以外的事情上。故选C.
（10）考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有这些事情都是可能的，除非人们能把时间花在获取食物或身体安全以外的事情上
，而这些事情是采猎民族或多或少都必须全职去做的，而且定居的民族能够区分阶级和群体。A. unstable不稳定的；B.
natural自然的；C. settled定居的；D. unsatisfied不满意的。结合下文peoples are able to separate classes and groups. 可知是指 能够阶级和群体的定居民族。故选C.
（11）考查动词词义辨析。句意：允许某些人类社会得以超越其他社会的第二个重大发展是工业和制造业的兴起。A.
allow允许；B. punish惩罚；C. manage管理；D. plunge投入。 结合下文certain human societies to advance beyond others was
the rise of industry and manufacturing可知是工业和制造业的兴起允许某些人类社会得以超越了其他社会。短语allow to do sth. “允许做某事”。故选A.
（12）考查形容词词义辨析。句意：工业革命发生在农业发展的几千年后，始于18世纪，在19世纪得到巩固。A.
consolidated巩固的；B. outdated过时的；C. limited有限的；D. involved有关的。结合上文Revolution occurred thousands of
years after the development of agriculture, beginning in the 18th century可知表示工业革命的历史进程，从18世纪到19世纪得
试卷第14页，总21页
到巩固。故选A.
（13）考查动词词义辨析。句意：工业革命是现代社会唯一最重要的事件，它使一些社会的物质财富远远超过其他社会
。 A. disappear消失；B. contribute贡献；C. conquer征服；D. advance前进。 结合下文in material wealth far beyond others. 可知
是指工业革命使一些社会的物质财富远远超过其他社会。故选D.
（14）考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种发展是否可持续还有待观察。 A. delays延迟；B. remains保持；C. leaves离开；D.
waits等待。结合下文It is not clear可知这种发展是否可持续还有待观察。短语remain to be seen“有待观察”，故选B.
（15）考查动词词义辨析。句意：不首先经历工业化带来的大规模社会、文化和政治调整，以前的农业社会是否能充分获
得高技术和信息技术的好处尚不清楚。A. opposing反对；B. seeking寻找；C. undergoing经历；D. promoting促进。结合下文
the massive social, cultural and political adjustments precipitated by industrialization列举的工业化带来的大规模社会、文化和政
治调整可知，不首先经历这些工业化带来的改变，以前的农业社会是否能充分获得高技术和信息技术的好处尚不清楚。故选C. 【解答】 此题暂无解答 四、阅读选择 4.
【答案】 A C D B C
【考点】
教育文化类阅读 【解析】 此题暂无解析 【解答】 此题暂无解答 5. 【答案】 C B D
【考点】 文章出处 说明文写作 说明文阅读
试卷第15页，总21页
【解析】
（1）推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句Visit info. museum. org. uk. （更多信息请访问info. museum. org. uk. ）以及第四段最
后一句Visit citizen. britishmuseu. org to learn more. （更多信息请访问citizen. britishmuseu. org. ）和第五段、第六段最后出现的
关于获取这些大英博物馆更多信息的网址地址，可推测这段话很可能出自大英博物馆的网站首页。故选C.
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段The British Museum is a museum of the citizen its collection is for the whole of the UK. Last
year 3 million visitors saw British Museum objects on display in museums and galleries across the UK. The Sikh fortress turban
tour has been the most popular, reaching over 350,000 visitors and nine museums across the country. Visit
citizen. britishmuseu. org to learn more. （大英博物馆是一个公民的t博物馆——它的藏品面向整个英国。去年，300万游客在英国
各地的博物馆和画廊看到了大英博物馆的展品。The Sikh fortress turban之旅是最受欢迎的，全国有超过35万游客和9个博物馆
。更多信息请访问citizen. britishmuseu. org. ）可知，如果你想更多地了解公民博物馆的信息，你可以访问
citizen. britishmuseu. org. 故选B.
（3）细节理解题。根据第一段第一句Membership activities made a contribution of over f3 million to the Museum last
year. （去年会员活动为博物馆贡献了300多万英镑。）以及第二段中In 2015 Members responded to an appeal to acquire the
Stoney Waterloo Album. Through their extraordinary generosity, and that of the American Friends of the British Museum, the
Museum secured this historic album in 200th anniversary year of the Battle of Waterloo. （2015年，成员们响应了获得Stoney
Waterloo纪念册的呼吁。凭借他们和大英博物馆美国之友的非凡慷慨，大英博物馆在涓铁卢战役200周年之际获得了这张具有历 史意义的纪念册。）可知，会员活动推动了大英博物馆的发展。故选D. 【解答】 此题暂无解答 6. 【答案】 C D B A 【考点】 主旨大意 推理判断 说明文阅读 词义猜测
试卷第16页，总21页
科教类阅读
【解析】 此题暂无解析 【解答】
（1）C 推理判断题。由第二段第四句they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire and there was no ready hand to set them right 可知，挑战者号和
切尔诺贝利的例子是为了说明技术作为人类的创造物很可能会出错。故正确答案为C。 （2）D 词义猜测题。结合句意可知“挑战者号航天飞机的爆炸和俄罗斯核事故，他们的案例说明计划周密的系统会突然失去控制“get out of control”与“get out of hand”同义。故正确答案选D。
（3） B 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句 Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution 可知，作者认为很少有技术革新能够产生比计算机革命更重大的影响，以及本段中的“The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social changes.”由此可知，作者介绍计算机是一个革命主要是因为它对社会有巨大的影响。故正确答案为B。
（4）A 主旨大意题。在这篇文章中，作者通篇都在讲科技对人类社会与生活的影响。前两段提到了科技的不可控因素对人类造成的影响，后面介绍了计算机对人类生活与社会巨大的影响。因此在本文中，作者展现了自己对技术本质的敏锐洞察。故正确答案为A。 五、六选四 7.
【答案】 【小题1】c 【小题2】E 【小题3】B 【小题4】D 【考点】 说明文写作 说明文短文改错 说明文七选五 社会文化 社会文化类阅读 说明文语法填空
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要说明了乐高集团最近宣布将使用可持续性材料来生产玩具，希望对周围的世界产生积极的影响。据报道
，新生产线已经开始使用这种原材料生产的聚乙烯塑料。乐高集团决定采用可持续的生物塑料，这是一个减少对有限资源依赖
的绝佳机会，他们与生物塑料原料联盟的合作将使他们能够与其他公司联系，继续创造性地思考可持续发展问题。
【小题1】结合上文Lego recently announced that they will start producing pieces from sustainable sugar cane. The toys, which
will be indistinguishable from classic Legos, will also feature botanical elements like leaves, bushes, and trees. （乐高最近宣布
试卷第17页，总21页
，他们将开始用可持续的甘蔗生产产品。这些玩具将与传统的乐高玩具无异，还将加入植物元素，如树叶、灌木和树木。）以
及下文\"We want to make a positive impact on the world around us, and are working hard to make great play products for
children using sustainable materials, \" said Tim Brooks, vice president, environmental responsibility at the Lego Group, in a
statement. （乐高集团负责环境责任的副总裁TimBrooks在一份声明中表示：“我们希望对我们周围的世界产生积极的影响，我们
正在努力用可持续的材料为孩子们制作伟大的游戏产品。”）可推知，乐高集团计划采用更加环保的材料来生产玩具，这应与现
在的乐高玩具形成对比，即目前的玩具是采用并不环保的材料制作的。故C选项“乐高目前的积木是由油基塑料制成的“符合上下 文语境，故选C.
【小题2】根据下文It is a soft, durable and flexible plastic — technically identical to those produced using conventional
plastic. （它是一种柔软、耐用、有弹性的塑料——技术上与传统塑料完全相同。）可知，是在介绍这种即将用来制作乐高玩具的
塑料，故E选项“据报道，新生产线已经开始使用聚乙烯材料。”符合上下文语境。故选E.
【小题3】根据下文Children and parents will not notice any difference in the quality or appearance of the new elements.
because plant-based polyethylene has the same proterties as conventional polyethylene. （孩子和家长不会注意到新元素在质量
和外观上的任何差异，因为植物基聚乙烯与传统聚乙烯具有相同的性能。）可知，乐高的新材料能够提高乐高玩具的质量，但
是同时并不会影响家长和孩子们玩玩具的体验感，故B选项“乐高产品一直致力于提供高质量的体验，让每个孩子都有机会通过创
造性的游戏塑造自己的世界。”符合此处上下文的语境。故选B.
【小题4】根据上文According to a research report, 4% of the world's petroleum is used as a raw material to make plastic, and
another 4% is used in the plastic-making process. （根据一份研究报告，全球4%的石油被用作制造塑料的原材料，另有4%被用 于塑料制造过程。）可知，塑料在全世界的需求量大，非常常见，且塑料并不环保，故乐高找到替代塑料的方法是很重要的
。故D选项“由于塑料是如此常见，如此不环保，找到替代它的方法是极其重要的。”符合上下文语境。故选D. 【解答】 此题暂无解答 六、概要写作
8.
【答案】
CCTV launched a report on Starbucks which intended to spark some thing and compared th eprice at Starbucks in China with
those in other countries. The conclusion is that Starbucks in China is more expensive than much anywhere else. The reason why
is Starbucks doesn't just sell coffee in China, but sells status. 【考点】
试卷第18页，总21页
细节理解 说明文阅读 推理判断
【解析】
这是一篇概要写作。 【解答】 写作步骤
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章主要说明了中央电视台对星巴克做了一篇报道，意在引起一些轰动
，并将星巴克在中国的价格与其他国家的价格进行了比较。结论是，星巴克在中国的价格比其他任何地方都要贵。原因是星巴
克不仅在中国卖的是咖啡，还卖的是社会地位。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结 构，归纳文章各段大意。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关 的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点： ）（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加 关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换 ，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。 七、汉译英 9.
【答案】
（1）All successful people are aware that every minute is so very important. '
（2）Reading books can force you to slow down your speed, and makes you treat things from a more sensitive aspect.
（3）From the whole world, the young people who live in Shanghai sleep earliest while the ones who live in Shenzhen are not willing to go to bed.
（4）OPERATION RED SEA, the movie that lasts more than two hours, won so much applause when it is first launched in
Beijing on 16th, February, which can inspire Chinese national sense of being proud of their heart from the bottom. 【考点】 动词时态
非限制性定语从句
试卷第19页，总21页
状语从句 限制性定语从句 固定用法 宾语从句
【解析】
（1）考查固定短语和宾语从句。固定短语be aware“意识到；了解”，后跟宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分连词用that. 本句
主语为people，谓语动词用复数形式，用一般现在时。故翻译为：All successful people are aware that every minute is so very important. .
（2）考查固定短语和主谓一致。固定短语force sb. to do sth. \"迫使某人做某事\"; slow down“放慢节奏”。本句中为动名词短
语reading book做主语，谓语动词要用单数形式，且描述客观事实用一般现在时。故翻译为：Reading books can force you to
slow down your speed, and makes you treat things from a more sensitive aspect. .
（3）考查while用法和固定短语。固定短语live in“居住在\"; be willing to do“愿意做某事”。结合汉语意思可知前后文表示转
折含义“然而”故用连词while. 且定语从句分别修饰先行词the young people和the ones，且均在从句中做主语，指人，故关系代
词用who. 句子用一般现在时。故翻译为：From the whole world, the young people who live in Shanghai sleep earliest while the
ones who live in Shenzhen are not willing to go to bed. .
（4）考查定语从句。结合时间状语可知，主句应用一般过去时。本句中第一个定语从句修饰先行词movie且先行词在从句
中做主语，表示“电影”故用关系代词that，从句中谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，且描述客观事实用一般现在时；第二个定语从
句为非限定性定语从句修饰主句，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which. 故翻译为：OPERATION RED SEA, the movie that
lasts more than two hours, won so much applause when it is first launched in Beijing on 16th, February, which can inspire
Chinese national sense of being proud of their heart from the bottom. . 【解答】 此题暂无解答 八、提纲类作文
10.
【答案】
Dear SSP editor,
To change the traditional way of education and inspire the student's enthusiasm of learning. We have a new way to
educate students which is Discussion. The traditional education way, lectures may be out of date. Although some professors can
teach students a lot of things by giving them a lecture. Some students may gradually fall asleep or can not focus on what the
professor said. If a large number of students fall asleep. I think the professor may be so embarrassed and it is meaningless to
试卷第20页，总21页
continue the lecture. But for Discussion, it can inspire students' learning enthusiasm. Students can be divided into different parts
and discuss the different questions. They can voice their opinions and make the final answer. In my opinion, I think Discussions are more than the lectures. It won't let students lose their passions. It is good for
teachers to make education way for students. So I prefer Discussion more than lectures. I am glad too hear from you. Yours sincerely Wang lei 【考点】 提纲类 应用文写作 介词短语搭配
【解析】
这是一篇应用文写作。 【解答】
第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件；为了改变传统的教学方式，激发同学们的学习热情，明启中学将在近日就讲座式
教学（Lectures）和讨论式教学（Discussions）向全体学生征询意见。假定你是该学校的学生王磊，请你给上海学生报
（SSP）主编写封信，表达你的观点。你的信函包括以下内容：1. 比较“讲座式教学”和“讨论式教学”的优缺点；2. 你的态度。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）. 如：enthusiasm of learning（学习热情）; be out of date（过时了）; fall asleep（睡
着）; focus on（专心于）; be divided into（被分为）；等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。
第4步：连句成文 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡。书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
试卷第21页，总21页
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容