专题15 瞻前顾后 阅读理解之词义猜测与细节理解
【2018年考纲解读】
词义猜测题着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及单词意义理解、短语意义理解、句子意义理解或代词指代对象的确定等。
【题型示例】题型一 词义猜测
【题型特点】词义猜测题常见设问方式
1．(1)What does the underlined word mean in the...?(2)The word “...” probably refers to...其中均含有word or underlined word。
2．(1)The term/sentence in... can be replaced by...
(2)What does the underlined phrase/sentence mean in the last paragraph?【方法技巧】“一原则”、“二关注”速解词义猜测题一原则 结合上下文
词义猜测题所提问的单词、词组或句子一般都是考生不认识的，即使认识，正确答案也未必是熟悉的含义。这种题目目的就是希望考生能结合上下文，来理解不认识的单词、词组或句子。
二关注
关注并列转折部分
这是做词义猜测题的一大利器。因为由并列转折连接的两部分会存在语义含义和成分的对应。所以如果有一个单词不认识，就可以在与其并列或转折部分的信息中找对应信息。
关注解释说明部分
分析试题可以发现，其实出题者在出一些词义猜测题的时候也是动了恻隐之心的。会在晦涩难懂的信息附近存在一个解释说明部分，解释说明部分的标志有逗号、冒号、破折号、双引号等。
Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C.Duration:3 hours
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable
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guides will entertain you with the most ,interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(7miles)
Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as your bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?A. Cherry Blossom like Tour in Washington, D.C.B. Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D. C.D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people.
B. Go to a national park.
C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories.23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A. City maps. C. Meals
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D
【解析】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章介绍了骑自行车到Washington, D.C.旅游的四中路线的相关行程及注意事项。
B. Cameras.D. Safety lights
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23. 细节理解题。根据文章Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour中的All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.可知，所有骑行者都要装备反光背心和安全手电筒。故选D。
B
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every
morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
\"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,\" she explains. \"I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. \"
The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?
【变式探究】【2018·江苏】请认真阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选
出最佳选项, 并
在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1000 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10028
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211-535-7710 www.metmuseum.orgEntrances
Fifth Avenue at 82nd StreetHours
Open 7 days a week.Sunday-Thursday 10:00-17:30Friday and Saturday 10:00-21:00
Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25,January 1,and the first Monday in May.
Admission
$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters(回廊）on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult.
Free with Admission
All special exhibitions, as well as films, lectures, guided tours, concerts, gallery talks, and
family/children's programs are free with admission.
Ask about today's activities at the Great Hall Information Desk.The Cloisters Museum and Gardens
The Cloisters museum and gardens is a branch of The Metropolitan Museum
of Art devoted to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle Ages. The extensive
collection consists of masterworks in sculpture, colored glass, and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.
Hours: Open 7 days a week.March-October 10:00-17:15November-February 10:00-16:45
Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25,and January 1.
56. How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?
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A. $12.B. $37.C. $ 50.D. $ 62
57. The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that ________.
A.it opens all the year round
B. its collections date from the Middle AgesC.it has a modern European-style garden D.it sells excellent European glass collections
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了英国艺术博物馆和修道院博物馆的参观指南，包括参观时间、价格、特点等。
56.C 细节理解题。根据Admission部分和Free with Admission部分，根据“$25.00 recommended for adults”可知，成人25美元每人；根据“All special exhibitions, as well as films, lectures, guided tours, concerts, gallery talks, and family/children’s programs are free with admission”可知，带孩子的家庭中孩子免费，故C父母及他们11岁的女儿总计付50美元，故选C项。
B
In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有）a special meat soup called consomme. Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze's chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.
Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take
visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食）when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.
Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn't tell how much they'd had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.
Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of
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restaurants. Unlike fast-food places. fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to
encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特）.Whenclassical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out.
Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草）stayed longer
and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.
Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—\"bad\" tables, crowding.high prices — don't necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next to the kitchen door, say — spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not \"be overly concerned about ‘bad' tables,\" given that they're profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet's price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.
58. The underlined phrase \"none the wiser\" in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were .
A. not aware of eating more than usual B. not willing to share food with othersC. not conscious of the food quality D. not fond of the food provided
59. How could a fine dining shop make more profit?A. playing classical music.B. Introducing lemon scent.C. Making the light brighter,D. Using plates of larger size.
60. What does the last paragraph talk about?A. Tips to attract more customers.B. Problems restaurants are faced with.C. Ways to improve restaurants' reputation.
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D. Common misunderstandings about restaurants.【答案】58. A 59. A 60. D
【解析】本文为议论文。本文介绍了现代餐馆刺激消费和食欲的几种方法，以及人们对餐厅的一些错误看法。
59. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特）可知，要想让客人呆的时间更长应该播放莫扎特等古典音乐而不是流行音乐。Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of
lavender(薰衣草）stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.引入薰衣草香而不是柠檬香，而D项文章没有提及，所以用排除方法可以选A。
60. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段第一句Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—\"bad\" tables, crowding，high prices — don't necessarily.可知，你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如：不好的桌子，拥挤以及高价等不一定会真影响人们的消费，然后依次举例进行了证明，所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解，故选D。 上面临的巨大压力。故B正确。
67. 细节理解题。根据文章第九段children compared themselves to others online in a way that was \"hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves\".可知，孩子在网上与其他人比较损害他们的自尊心，自信心以及自我发展的能力。故B正确。
68. 推理判断题。根据文章第12段However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.可知，随着孩子年龄的增长，他们开始渴望上网，再根据13段By the time they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.可以推断出，他们的压力源于他们渴望自己的发帖能受欢迎、被认可，由此可见他们渴望得到公众
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的认可。故选D。
69. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.可以推断出,父母需要了解孩子在使用什么apps，所以应该时刻跟踪了解孩子对于社交app的使用。故选C。
70. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, a major study warned.可知，本文为新闻报道体，文章主要介绍青少年变得越来越依赖社交媒体。再根据全文内容可知文章主要介绍了社交媒体对孩子的影响，故A正确。
【变式探究】(2017·天津，C)
This month, Germany's transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver's role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.
The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi－autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.
Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel—to check email, say—the car's maker is responsible if there is a crash.
“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving，” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.
Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all，” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.
An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.
But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say ‘driverless cars’， people expect driverless cars，” Merat says. “You know—no driver.”
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Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.
Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government－provided driverless vehicles are being launched.
That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here，” says Calo.
1.What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to？ A．A place where cars often break down.B．A case where passing a law is impossible.C．An area where no driving is permitted. D．A situation where drivers' role is not clear.
2.The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to______.A．stop people from breaking traffic rulesB．help promote fully automatic drivingC．protect drivers of all ages and racesD．prevent serious property damage
解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段提到德国交通部长希望的三件事以及第四段说交通道路法规中关于自主驾驶车辆的这种变化将会允许完全自主驾驶的车辆投入使用(permit fully automatic driving)可知，选B。
3.What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars？ A．It should get the attention of insurance companies.B．It should be the main concern of law makers.C．It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.D．It should involve no human responsibility.
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解析：考查推理判断。题干询问消费者(乘客)对于无人驾驶汽车的看法，在谈到谁应承担无人驾驶车辆的责任时，第七段说，当你说无人驾驶车辆的时候，人们以为是没有司机，从这些信息可以推断出，消费者在这种情况下会觉得没有为无人驾驶车辆的安全问题负责的人，故选D。
B
Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.
Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.
When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.
If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?A. They contain protein. B. They are high in vitamin A.
C. They have a pleasant taste. D. They are rich in antioxidants.25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A. To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour.C. To speed up their ripening. D. To improve their nutrition.26. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
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A. A dessert. B. A drink.C. A container. D. A machine.
27. From which is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine.C. A research paper. D. A travel brochure.【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. B
【解析】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文中讲述了人们热爱水果丰盛的7月，这时候各种水果营养丰富且含有对人体有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我们可以利用它做一些孩子喜欢的甜点或冰淇淋。
26. 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below可知，孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到这台机器的上部，然后看到冰激凌从下面出来。故可以推出a juicer就是一台机器。故选D。
C
Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.
While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.
According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”
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The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.
When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.
The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.
As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.
28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A. Children’s reading habits.B. Quality of children’s books.C. Children’s after-class activities.D. Parent-child relationships.
29. Where can you find the data that best supports \"children are reading a lot less for fun\"?
A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3.C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5.
30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A. E-books are of poor quality.B. It could be a waste of time.C. It may harm children’s health.D. E-readers are expensive.
31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?
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A. Act as role models for them.B. Ask then to write book reports.C. Set up reading groups for them.D. Talk with their reading class teachers.【答案】28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A
【解析】据本周一公布的a Common Sense Media report报告显示，青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣大大减少。文中从阅读的乐趣，阅读的时间，阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响等角度展示了该报告的内容。
29. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.可知，很少为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从1984年的13岁的8%和17岁的9%上升到现在的22%和27%。也就是说，为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。故选B。
30. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time可知，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心看一些电子屏幕的时间越来越多，也即是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。故选C。
31. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.可知，有明显的证据表明，父母为孩子们做榜样并为孩子们作重要指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯。也即是说，父母可以通过给孩子们作榜样来鼓励孩子们阅读的。故选A。
D
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find
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yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t
even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says.
32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.
B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.
33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners. B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic. D. Making business deals.
34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?
A. It improves family relationships. B. It raises people’s confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk. D. It makes people feel good.
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35. What is the best title for the text?
A. Conversation Counts B. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small Talk D. Uncomfortable Silence【答案】32. C 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默抗争，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。
33. 推理判断题。题干问得是对于Carducci来说，成功的闲聊中重要的是什么。根据第三段最后一句“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them”（成功闲聊的关键是学习如何与他们交流，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。）由此推断C符合题意。A项意为：表现出良好的礼貌。B项意为：与他人有关的。C项意为：专注于一个话题。D项意为：做商业交易。故选B项。 34. 推理判断题。题干问的是：咖啡店的研究对闲聊有什么建议。根据第四段的调查结果可知，那些与服务员聊天的人，有显著的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知，D项符合题意。A项意为：闲聊改善了家庭关系。B项意为：闲聊提高了人们的信心。C项意为：闲聊和正式谈话一样重要。D项意为：闲聊让人感觉很好。故选D项。
35. 主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象（公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机，陌生人之间缺乏沟通交流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，最后得出结论，闲聊都有什么样的好处。A项意为：谈话很重要。B项意为：闲聊的方法。C项意为：闲聊的好处。D项意为：不舒服的沉默。故选C项。
【变式探究】(2017·全国Ⅱ，A)
In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeare's plays in their own language, in our Globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. Please come and join us.
National Theatre of China Beijing|Chinese
This great occasion(盛会)will be the National Theatre of China's first visit to the UK.
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The company's productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeare's Richard Ⅲ will be directed by the National's Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying.
Date & Time：Saturday 28 April, 2.30pm & Sunday 29 April, 1.30pm & 6.30pmMarjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi|Georgian
One of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, founded in 1928, appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed (指导)by the company's Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.
Date & Time：Friday 18 May, 2.30pm & Saturday 19 May, 7.30pmDeafinitely Theatre London I British Sign Language(BSL)
By translating the rich and humourous text of Love's Labour's Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare's comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.
Date & Time: Tuesday 22 May, 2.30pm & Wednesday 23 May, 7.30pmHabima National Theatre Tel Aviv|Hebrew
The Habima is the centre of Hebrew－language theatre worldwide. Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s. Since 1958, they have been recognised as the national theatre of Israel. This production of Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.
Date & Time：Monday 28 May, 7.30pm & Tuesday 29 May, 7.30pm
文章大意：本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了全球的艺术家将聚集到一起用他们自己的语言表演莎士比亚的戏剧的相关内容。
1.Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China？A．Richard Ⅲ.C．As You Like It.答案：A
解析：考查细节理解。根据题干中的“the National Theatre of China”可将答案定位于National Theatre of China部分中的“Shakespeare's Richard Ⅲ”，故选A项。
2.What is special about Deafinitely Theatre？________
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B．Love's Labour's Lost.D．The Merchant of Venice.
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A．It has two groups of actors. B．It is the leading theatre in London.C．It performs plays in BSL. D．It is good at producing comedies.答案：C
3.When can you see a play in Hebrew？________A．On Saturday 28 April.C．On Tuesday 22 May.答案：D
解析：考查细节理解。根据题干中的“Hebrew”可将该题答案定位在最后一部分中。根据最后一部分中的“Date&Time：Monday 28 May, 7.30pm & Tuesday 29 May,7.30pm”可知，故选D项。
【变式探究】 (2017·全国Ⅰ，B)
I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.
I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl (猫头鹰)on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2－to 3－week－old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.
I examined the chick(雏鸟)and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to
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B．On Sunday 29 April.D．On Tuesday 29 May.
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adults；they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH ! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.
文章大意：这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者作为一个野生动物救助和教育机构的志愿者，成功救助一只猫头鹰雏鸟的经历。
4.What is unavoidable in the author's rescue work according to paragraph 1？________A．Efforts made in vain. B．Getting injured in his work.C．Feeling uncertain about his future.D．Creatures forced out of their homes.答案：A
5.Why was the author called to Muttontown？________A．To rescue a woman. B．To take care of a woman.
C．To look at a baby owl. D．To cure a young owl.答案：C
解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段的“I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the ground”可知，这位女士给作者打电话是为了让他来看一看一只猫头鹰雏鸟。故选C。
6.What made the chick calm down？________A．A new nest.
B．Some food.
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C．A recording.答案：A
D．Its parents.
解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段的“I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable...it quickly calmed down”可知，作者做的鸟巢非常舒服，所以把这只猫头鹰雏鸟放进去后，它很快安静下来。故选A。
14.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon？________A．They are affected by certain body chemicals.B．They tend to do things that excite them.C．They follow their parents' examples.D．They don't ’eed to go to school e’rly.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句“More children are going to bed with TVs On，and there are more opportunities to stay awake, with more homework，the Internet and the phone..，”以及第二句“...these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.”可知，孩子们在睡觉前看电视、写作业、上网或打电话都容易让他们产生兴奋感而不愿意睡觉，故选B项。
【变式探究】(2017·全国Ⅲ，A)San Francisco Fire Engine Tours__San_Francisco_Winery_Tour__
Running：February 1st through April 30th
This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer. (Included in ticket price)
Departing from the Cannery：Tour times upon requestDuration (时长): 2 hoursPrice: $ 90
Back_to_the_Fifties_Tour__
Running: August 16th through August 31 st
This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco's most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.
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Departing from the Cannery：5：00 pm and 7：30 pmDuration ：2 hoursPrice: $ 90
Spooky_Halloween_Tour__
Running: October 10th through October 31 st
Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authentic fire gear(服装) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.
Departing from the Cannery: 6: 30 pm and 8: 30 pmDuration: 1 hour and 30 minutesPrice: Available upon request_Holiday_Lights_Tour__
Running：December 6th through December 23rd
This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco's most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.
Departing from the Cannery：7：00 pm and 9：00 pmDuration: 1 hour and 30 minutesAdvance reservations required.
文章大意：本文是一篇应用文，介绍了旧金山的四种消防车之旅。15.Which of the tours is available in March？____ ____A．San Francisco Winery Tour. B．Back to the Fifties Tour.
C．Spooky Halloween Tour. D．Holiday Lights Tour. 解析：考查细节理解。题干问的是三月份可参加的旅行，而第一个项目San Francisco Winery Tour的时间是从2月1日到4月30日。故选A。
16.What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour？________A．Go to Treasure Island. B．Enjoy the holiday scenes.
C．Have free ice cream.
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D．Visit the Presidio district.
17.What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour？___ ____A．Take some drinks.
B．Set off early in the morning.
C．Wear warm clothes. D．Make reservations in advance.
解析：考查细节理解。第四个项目Holiday lights Tour的最后一句话提到“Advance reservations required”，由此可知，该旅行需要提前预订。故选D。
【变式探究】 (2016·全国Ⅰ，A)
You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
Jane Addams (1860－1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson (1907－1964)
If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.
Sandra Day O’Connor (1930－present)
When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U．S.Supreme Court.O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
Rosa Parks (1913－2005)
On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil－rights
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movement.“The only tired I was, was tired of giving in，”said Parks.
文章大意：本文主要介绍了在过去的一百年里四名杰出的女性以及她们对社会做出的贡献与影响。1.What is Jane Addams noted for in history？________A．Her social work.B．Her teaching skills.C．her efforts to win a prize.D．Her community background.
2.What was the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by ’he law’firm？________A．Her lack of proper training in law.B．Her little work experience in court.C．The discrimination against women.D．The poor financial conditions.
解析：考查细节理解。根据Sandra Day O'Connor (1930－present)部分“Whe’ Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in he’ class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman”可知，她不能在律师事务所工作的原因是女性会受到性别歧视。故选C。
3.Who made a great contribution to the civil－rights movement in the U．S.？________A．Jane Addams. C．Sandra Day O'Connor.
B．Rachel Carson.D．Rosa Parks.
解析：考查’节理解。根据Rosa Parks(1913－2005)部分的“It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil－rights movement”可知，她的举动最终推动了民权运动。故选D。
4.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text？____ ___A．They are highly educated.B．They are truly creative.C．They are pioneers.D．They are peace－lovers.
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