11.10 day3
Jair Bolsonaro, far-right populist, elected president of Brazil
Brazil on Sunday became the latest country to drift toward the far right, electing a strident populist as president in the nation’s most radical political change since democracy was restored more than 30 years ago.
The new president, Jair Bolsonaro, won by tapping into a deep well of resentment at the status quo in Brazil—a country whiplashed by rising crime and two years of political and economic turmoil—and by presenting himself as the alternative.
“We have everything we need to become a great nation,” Bolsonaro said Sunday night in a video broadcast on his Facebook account shortly after the race was called. “Together we will change the destiny of Brazil.”
Bolsonaro, who will take the helm of Latin America’s biggest nation, is farther to the right than any president in the region.
Reeling from the deepest recession in the country’s history, a corruption scandal that tarnished politicians across the ideological spectrum, and a record-high number of homicides last year, Brazilians picked a candidate who not only rejected the political establishment but at times also seemed to reject the most basic democratic tenets.
Part of the reason for his victory was the collapse of the left. Many cried foul after former President Luiz Inácio da Silva, the longtime front-runner in the race, was ruled ineligible after he was imprisoned in April to start serving a 12-year sentence for corruption and money laundering.
极右民粹主义者雅伊尔·博索纳罗当选巴西总统
周日，一位强硬的民粹主义者当选巴西总统，该国由此成为了新晋的倾向极右的国家。这是巴西自 30 年前恢复民主制度之后政治上发生的最彻底的改变。
新总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗利用了巴西现状所引发的的滔天民怨，并将自己作为一条新出路，从而赢得选举。上升的犯罪率和持续两年的政治经济混乱，使巴西动荡不安。
周日，在竞选结果刚见分晓之后，博索纳罗用自己的脸书账号发起视频直播。他说道：“我们拥有成为一个伟大国家所需要的一切东西。团结起来，我们将改变巴西的命运。”
即将领导拉丁美洲最大国家的博索纳罗，比这个地区任何的领导人都要右倾。
从国家有史以来最严重的经济衰退，到一桩让多个政治派别的政客身败名裂的腐败丑闻，再到去年创历史新高的凶杀案数量，所有这些负面事件使巴西人民茫然无措。他们选择的这名候选人，不仅拒绝和政治当权派抱团，而且有时似乎也会抵制最基本的民主原则。
他胜出的部分原因在于左派的突然垮台。前总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·达席尔瓦本来在竞选中长期占据领先地位，但在四月因为贪污和洗钱被判监禁，开始了长达十二年的服刑，他也因此被取消竞选资格。而许多民众为这位前总统呐喊申冤。
重点词汇
far-right /'fɑ:'raɪt/
adj. 极右派的
populist/ˈpɑːpjəlɪst/
n. 民粹主义者（populism n.）
drift/drɪft/
v. 漂流，飘向；任其进入（某种状态）
e.g.
Clouds drifted across the sky.
strident/ˈstraɪdnt/
adj. 强硬的
e.g.
a strident newspaper article
radical/ˈrædɪkl/
adj. 重大的，根本的
e.g.radical change/reform
tap into
开发（资源），利用
e.g. tap resources
These magazines have tapped into a target market of consumers.
status quo
现状
whiplash/ˈwɪplæʃ/
v. 猛力摇晃
turmoil/ˈtɜːrmɔɪl/
n. 混乱
e.g. emotional/mental turmoil
alternative/ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv/
n. 可供选择的事物
call/kɔːl/
v. 预测（选举或投票的）结果
e.g. The race remains too close to call.
helm/helm/
n. 掌权，领导
e.g. Tim Cook took the helm at Apple in 2011.
reel from
因为……而迷惑，震惊
e.g. I was still reeling from the shock.
tarnish/ˈtɑːrnɪʃ/
v. 损害（名誉）
e.g. His bad behaviour has tarnished the good name of the school.
ideological/ˌaɪdiəˈlɑːdʒɪkl/
adj. 意识形态的
spectrum/ˈspektrəm/
n. 范围，幅度
record-high
adj. 历史新高的
homicide/ˈhɑːmɪsaɪd/
n. 谋杀罪；凶杀案
establishment/ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/
n.（通常反对变革的）当权派，权势集团
tenet/ˈtenɪt/
n. 信条
cry foul
为……申冤
e.g. Many Asian American students cried foul at the racial quotas.
front-runner /ˌfrʌnt ˈrʌnər/
n. 领先者
ineligible/ɪnˈelɪdʒəbl/
adj. 没有资格的
money laundering
洗钱
11.9 day 2
In Italy, ‘al dente’ is prized. In Taiwan, it’s all about food that’s ‘Q.’
As dusk falls at Lehua Night Market, the fluorescent lights flicker on and the hungry customers start trickling in, anxious for a taste of the local delicacies that
give this island its reputation as one of Asia’s finest culinary capitals.
Neatly arranged pyramids of plump fish balls. Bowls brimming with tapioca balls bathed in lightly sweetened syrup. Take a bite of any of these dishes and you’ll discover a unique texture. But how exactly do you describe that perfectly calibrated “mouth feel”? Slippery? Chewy? Globby? Not exactly the most flattering adjectives in the culinary world.
Luckily, the Taiwanese have a word for this texture. Well, actually, it’s not a word, it’s a letter—one that even non-Chinese speakers can pronounce. It’s “Q.”
“It’s difficult to explain what Q means exactly,” said Liu Yen-ling, a manager at Chun Shui Tang, a popular teahouse chain that claims to have invented tapioca milk tea in Taiwan. “Basically it means springy, soft, elastic.”
Q texture is to Taiwanese what umami is to Japanese and al dente is to Italians—that is, cherished and essential. The texture is found in both savory and sweet foods, and is most often used to describe foods that contain some kind of starch like noodles, tapioca pearls and fish balls. If something is really chewy or extra Q, then it could be called QQ.
在意大利，“有嚼劲”被视为珍宝；在台湾，它与一切“Q”的食物有关
随着夜幕降临，乐华夜市的荧光灯渐渐亮起，饥肠辘辘的顾客们陆陆续续地来到这里，
急切渴望着品尝到当地的美食，因为这些美食使得这座岛屿被誉为亚洲美食胜地之一。
整齐排列成金字塔状的饱满鱼丸。一碗碗浸润在微甜糖水中的粉圆。从这些小吃里随便尝一口，你都会发现一种独特的口感。但你该如何描述那种经过精心调配的“口感”呢？滑溜？有嚼劲？黏糊糊？这些可算不上是烹饪界最讨人喜欢的形容词。
幸运的是，台湾人有一个词来形容这种口感。事实上，它也不是一个词，而是一个字母——就连不讲中文的人也能说出它。那就是“Q”。
人气连锁茶饮店春水堂号称是台湾珍珠奶茶的发明者。该店的经理刘彦伶表示，“很难解释‘Q’到底是什么意思，基本上，它意味着有弹性，软糯，可伸缩的。”
Q 的口感之于台湾人，犹如鲜味之于日本人，有嚼劲之于意大利人——既备受珍视，也必不可少。这种口感在非甜食和甜食中都能找到，并且它最常被用来描述含有淀粉的食物，比如面条、木薯珍珠和鱼丸。如果某样东西真的很耐嚼或特别的 Q，那么它就可以被称为 QQ。
台湾人对 Q 这种口感的喜爱从年幼时就开始了，当被问到 Q 的口感为什么对台湾人有如此大的吸引力时，小摊老板路伟晨微笑着说，“很简单，当你吃到它时，你的心情会很好。”
重点词汇
al dente/ˌæl ˈdenteɪ/
adj. 有嚼劲，有弹性
fluorescent /ˌflɔːˈresnt/
adj. 荧光的
e.g.
a fluorescent lamp
flicker /ˈflɪkər/
v. （灯光等）闪烁，摇曳，忽隐忽现（flicker n.）
e.g.
the candle flickered
the flicker of the candle
trickling in/into
（人）缓慢地移动，三三两两地进入
e.g.
People began trickling in/into the hall.
delicacy /ˈdelɪkəsi/
n. 美食，珍馐，佳肴
culinary /ˈkʌlɪneri/
adj. 烹饪的，食物的
e.g.
culinary skills
plump /plʌmp/
adj. 丰满的，饱满的
e.g.
a plump baby
plump juicy grapes
brim with
装满，充满
e.g.
a glass brimming with coffee
tapioca /ˌtæpiˈoʊkə/
n. 木薯淀粉
syrup /ˈsɪrəp/
n. 糖浆
texture /ˈtekstʃər/
n. 口感
e.g.
She likes sponge cakes because they have a light texture.
calibrated /ˈkælɪbreɪtɪd/
adj. （工具或仪器）校准的（calibrate v.）
e.g.
to calibrate a thermometer
slippery /ˈslɪpəri/
adj. 滑溜的，湿滑的
chewy /ˈtʃuːi/
adj. 耐嚼的，需要多嚼的（chew v.）
e.g.
chewy toffee
globby /'ɡlɔbi/
adj. 黏糊糊的（glob n.）
e.g.
a glob of ketchup
flattering /ˈflætərɪŋ/
adj. 奉承的，讨好的（flatter v.）
e.g.
She's always making flattering remarks.
springy /ˈsprɪŋi/
adj. 有弹性的，有活力的（spring v.）
e.g.
the springy turf
elastic /ɪˈlæstɪk/
adj. 有弹力的，可伸缩的
e.g.
an elastic rope
umami /uːˈmɑːmi/
n. 鲜味
savory /ˈseɪvəri/
adj. 美味的；不甜的
starch /stɑːrtʃ/
n. 淀粉（starchy adj.）
appealing /əˈpiːlɪŋ/
adj. 有吸引力的
e.g.
The idea of not having to get up early every morning is rather appealing to me.
stand /stænd/
n. 摊位
e.g.
a newspaper stand
11.8 day1
Why the Pittsburgh shooter raged about immigration before attacking a
synagogue
On Saturday, a shooter opened fire inside a synagogue in the heart of a heavily Jewish neighborhood in Pittsburgh. The attack occurred during Shabbat services and during a bris, a celebration of a newborn life.
Immediately before the massacre, the alleged killer tweeted about HIAS, an organization once known as the Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society that dates back to the late 19th century. \"HIAS likes to bring invaders that kill our people,\" he wrote. It doesn't take a deep understanding of American anti-Semitism to know that to him, \"our people\" did not include Jewish Americans, even though Jews have lived in America since before the founding of the United States and the congregation he attacked has been convening to pray since the Civil War.
Why, then, did this white-nationalist xenophobe gun down local Jews to protest HIAS? The massacre reflects a stark reality with deep roots in American history: Anti-Semitism, nativism and anti-immigrant sentiments have long been inextricably intertwined.
The anti-Semitism that drove the immigration policy of the early 20th century never faded from American life. Nor did its connection to anti-immigrant sentiment. And that sentiment is what compelled a shooter ranting about HIAS to massacre Jews who were part of a congregation that dates to the 1800s and is located in a city where HIAS has no offices or presence.
匹兹堡枪击案凶手对移民暴怒不已，并袭击了犹太教堂的原因
周六，一名枪手在匹兹堡一个犹太人聚居区中心的犹太教堂内开火。这次枪击发生在安息日礼拜，当时正值一场庆祝新生命诞生的割礼仪式。
就在屠杀发生不久前，嫌犯发表了关于犹太移民援助协会（HIAS）的推特，这个组织曾经被称为希伯来庇护和移民援助协会，其历史可以追溯到 19 世纪晚期。他写道：“HIAS 喜欢帮助那些杀害我们同胞的入侵者入境。” 对美国反犹太主义略知一二的人就会知道，对他来说，“我们同胞” 并不包括犹太裔美国人，尽管犹太人在美国建国以前就一直生活在这片土地上，而他所袭击的宗教团体从美国内战以来就一直在集会祷告。
那么，为什么这个白人民族主义仇外者会开枪射杀当地的犹太人，以此来抗议 HIAS 呢？这场屠杀反映了一个深深扎根于美国历史的残酷现实：反犹太主义，本土主义和反移民情绪长期以来紧密交织在一起。
20 世纪初美国移民政策的幕后黑手，反犹太主义，从未从美国人的生活中消失。而反犹太主义和反移民情绪之间的联系也留存至今。正是这种反移民情绪驱使了这位痛骂 HIAS 的枪手去屠杀犹太人，即便这些受害者属于一个 19 世纪初就建立了的宗教团体，所在的城市也并没有 HIAS 办事处或者成员。
————— 文章来源 / 华盛顿邮报
11.08 day
重点词汇
synagogue/ˈsɪnəɡɑːɡ/
n. 犹太教堂，犹太会堂
bris/bris/
n. 割礼
massacre/ˈmæsəkər/
n. 大屠杀；残杀
e.g.
the Nanjing Massacre
Hebrew/ˈhiːbruː/
n. 希伯来人；希伯来语
anti-Semitism/ˌænti ˈsemətɪzəm/
n. 反犹太主义，排犹主义
congregation/ˌkɑːŋɡrɪˈɡeɪʃn/
n. （从属某教堂并定期做礼拜的）教堂会众
convene/kənˈviːn/
v. 集合；召集；开会
xenophobe/ˈzenəfoʊb/
n. 排外者；恐外者
e.g.
technophobe
acrophobe
stark/stɑːrk/
adj. 残酷的；不愉快的
e.g.
stark truth
nativism/ˈneɪtɪvɪzəm/
n. 本土主义
sentiment/ˈsentɪmənt/
n. 观点；意见；看法；情绪
inextricably/ˌɪnɪkˈstrɪkəbli/
adv. 不可分开地；密不可分地；紧密地
intertwine/ˌɪntərˈtwaɪn/
v. 缠绕；交织
e.g.
Politics and economy are inextricably intertwined.
rant/rænt/
v. 怒吼；抱怨；叫嚷；大声责骂
e.g.
She is ranting about the unfairness of the society.
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容