叉车充电站规划设计技术要求Batterychargingroomrequirement

液态铅酸电池充电站计划

Planing of charging stations for liquid acid Pb-batteries

林德-厦门叉车有限公司

Linde-Xiamen Fork Lift Truck Co., Ltd

2002. 11

.资料分享.

Planing of charging stations for liquid acid Pb-batteries液态铅酸电池充电站计划

目录Content

2 1. 充电站的定义和说明Definitions and descriptions of charging stations ......

1.1 电池房Battery-Rooms ......................................................

1.2 电池充电站Battery charging stations ......................................

2. 建筑结构Building construction ........................................... 2.1 充电站内的车辆空间Truck place in charging

stations ................................................... 2.2 电池房的空间Place in battery

rooms ..................................................................... . 2.3 地板条件Floor condi-tion............................................................................

....................

3. 电气安装Electrical installation ......................................... 3.1 视在功率Apparent

Power ................................................................... ... 3.2 取暖Heating .............................................................. 4.

5. 通风Ventilation ......................................................... 5.1 总则General .............................................................. 5.2 根据DIN VDE 0510计算Calculation according DIN VDE

0510....................................

5.3 必要的空闲房屋空间计算Calculation of the necessary free room

space......................

5.4 必要的空气流量计算Calculation of the necessary volume of air-flow............................

5.5 通风结构Construction of a ventilation .................................... 6. 7.

8. 搬运电池Battery changing arrangements .................................... 8.1 起重设备和货车Crane Equipments and changing lorries....................... 9.

10. 标记和规定Labels and regulations ........................................

维护和维修地方Maintenance and repair places .............................. 加水Water topping ....................................................... 房屋温度和气候Room temperature and climate ............................... 充电机Charger ...........................................................

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Planing of charging stations for liquid acid Pb-batteries液态铅酸电池充电站计划

3 11. 急救措施First aid .......................................................

12. 重要的规范和规定Important norms and regulations ..........................

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Planing of charging stations for liquid acid Pb-batteries液态铅酸电池充电站计划 1.

1.1 电池房

Battery-Rooms:

4 充电站的定义和说明

Definitions and regulations of charging stations

电池房是一种专门给电池充电和储存电池的房屋，也可以将充电机安装在电池房内。

A battery room is a special room for charging and storing batteries, in these rooms also the charg-ers could be installed.

1.2 电池充电站

Battery charging stations:

电池充电站是一种专门房屋，在屋内，可以给装在车辆上的电池充电也可以给1.1所述的电池充电。

A battery charging station is a special room for charging batteries which are installed in the trucks and also charging batteries according 1.1.

总之先要决定是否应该建立电池房或充电站，大多数情况下两班或三班工作制运行应该有电池房，充电机前放有正常充好电和正在充电的电池。在充电站里，正常情况下装在车辆中的电池和充电机相接，以上两种充电方式都可以放在一间房中。

General is to decide if a battery room or a battery charging station should be set up. Mostly a bat-tery room is necessary at a two or three shift operation, normally recharged batteries and batteries under charge stand in front of one charger. In battery charging stations normally trucks with in-stalled batteries are connected to the chargers.

Also both different versions could be installed in one room.

重要的是房屋是否是一个有人负责对电池管理、维护和充电的工作场所。这样必须有专门规定，如：灯光、噪音、温度、气体释放等等，是否还要有附加等候室、清洗室和休息室。

Important is if the room is a working place where persons are in charge to optain and maintain and change batteries. In this case special regulations for working places are necessary, for example questions about light, noise, temperature, gas-emission and so on, additional waiting rooms, wash rooms and rest rooms had to be installed.

2.

2.1

建筑结构

Building constructions

充电站里的车辆空间

Truck place in charging stations

总则 General

充电站的平面空间取决于充电站规模和车辆种类，而且根据VDI 2197, 2198 和 2199或国家特殊标准计算车辆进、出和转弯的必备空间。

The necessary square meters of charging stations depends in the main part of the kind of charging station and the trucks, also the necessary space for drive in and out and turn around with the trucks must be calculated according the regulation VDI 2197, 2198 and 2199 or special national norms.

实际可以用15 m 计算，重要的是：

2

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Planing of charging stations for liquid acid Pb-batteries液态铅酸电池充电站计划

- - - - - -

5 车辆的种类和外形尺寸

每个车型的车辆数量 车辆总数量

充电机的数量和种类

车辆占据的面积（宽和深） 车辆高

2

In practice you can calculate with 15 m square meters, important are:

- kind and largeness of the trucks

- quantity of trucks of each truck type - total quantity of trucks

- quantity and type of chargers

- the stand square meters of the truck (wide and deep) - high of the truck

车辆附加的占地面积，必须将车辆周围空间0.6 m 和充电机到电池间1m的距离计算在内。

Additional to the stand square meters of the trucks a necessary space around the truck of 0,6 meters and a distance charger to battery of 1 meter must be calculated.

车辆到充电机和存储的货物之间最小距离：

Minimum distances of trucks to chargers and stored goods

充电机A charger A 充电机B charger B b c 车辆A truck A Stellplatz A a a 车辆B truck B Stellplatz B a feuer -, explosions - oder 易爆品 explosivstoff - explosive goodsgefährdete Bereiche brennbare Gegenstände, 易燃品 z.B. eingelagerte Wareinflammable goods a d

a) 车辆周围必备空间

necessary space around the truck b) 电池和充电机间必备距离

necessary distance between battery and charger c) 到易燃品的必备距离

necessary distance to inflammable stored goods

最少 0,6 meter 最少1 meter 最少2,5 meter

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Planing of charging stations for liquid acid Pb-batteries液态铅酸电池充电站计划

d) 到易爆品的必备距离

necessary distance to explosive material 必备高度(取决于车辆)

necessary high of the place (depends of the trucks)

最少5 meter 最少2 meter

6

充电站的房屋布局

Room arrangement at a charging station

相对放置的车辆间必备距离应该是车辆转动空间的一半（Wa）加上0.6m (B = Wa + 0,6m)

necessary distance between the opposite placed truck should be the half of the turn around space (Wa) of the truck plus 0,6 meter (B = Wa + 0,6m)

B

2.2

电池房的空间Place in battery rooms

电池充电房的必要面积取决于电池、充电机、起重设备或运输充放电电池的车辆的种类、数量和大小。

In battery charging rooms the necessary square meters depends of the quantity and the largeness of the batteries and the chargers and of the kind of crane or the change-wagon to handle the recharged and the discharged batteries

2

实际上，可以用7 m计算

2

In practice you can calculate with 7 m

每个充电机前必须计算出必备空间， 以放置两个电池加上电池之间最少0.2m的通风空间。

In front of each charger the necessary place must be calculated for two batteries plus a distance of minimum 0,2 meter between the batteries to have a good ventilation during charge.

放电池的托架必须以最重的电池考虑计算，并且与地隔离。

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Planing of charging stations for liquid acid Pb-batteries液态铅酸电池充电站计划

7 Battery banks must be calculated for the heaviest battery and must be isolated against the ground.

a 充电机前面板到电池的最短距离(a)为0.5m，电池到温度超过200°C的加热装置最短距离为2.5m。

The minimum distance (a) of the charger front panel to the battery is 0,5 meter and minimum 2,5 meter between battery and heating systems with a temperature more than 200°C

2.3

地板要求

Floor conditions

地板上应该盖有一层防酸材料 压强 > 8 N/mm² 抗酸腐蚀 抗硫酸H2SO4 (50%)

8

泄漏电阻 <10 ohm 绝缘阻抗 >100 kohm 墙

8

泄漏电阻 <10 ohm (电池周围1.5m。) 绝缘阻抗 >100 kohm (电池周围1.5m。)

屋顶 抗酸腐蚀 抗硫酸t H2SO4 (50%)

3

地板必须有一个最小0.25 m坑，其周围斜度为1% 。

The floor should be covered with an acid resistant material: Pressure solidity > 8 N/mm² Acid solidity against H2SO4 (50%)

8

Divert resistance <10 ohm Isolation resistance >100 kohm

Walls

8

Divert resistance <10 ohm (only around the place of the batteries (1,5m) Isolation resistance >100 kohm (only around the place of the batteries (1,5m)

Roofs

Acid solidity against H2SO4 (50%)

3

The floor must have a Gradient of 1% to a pit of minimum 0,25 m

3.

电气安装

Electrical installation

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总则 General

8

按照DIN VDE 0100或专门国家标准或根据充电机供货商的说明进行电气安装，应具有市电电源断路器、为每个充电机安装带慢动作熔丝的电源断路器或电机电路自动空气开关。应该具有通风并规定：只有工作通风时才能充电。 The electrical installation is to be done according DIN VDE 0100 or special national norms with a main switch power breaker and each charger with a power breaker with

slow acting fuses or automatic breakers for motor-rated circuits according the technical instruc-tions of the supplier of the chargers. With a ventilation it should be installed a regulation that only with a working ventilation a charge is possible

3.1 视在功率

Apparent power

视在功率计算必须包括下列项目： - 充电机 - 加热系统 - 通风 - 照明

For the calculation of the apparent power the following components must be included: - chargers

- heating systems - ventilation - illumination

充电机1到n的视在功率计算：

根据供货商的信息，功率P1, P2, ....Pn P (总功率) = (P1 + P2 + ... Pn) x a

a = 因数，所有充电机都工作 (一般为 0,8)

Calculation of the apparent power of the chargers 1 to n:

Power according the information of the supplier P1, P2, ....Pn P (total) = (P1 + P2 + ... Pn) x a

a = factor if all chargers are in function (typical 0,8)

对于充电机，效率和功率因数cos phi同样重要，典型计算： 充电机技术 / 曲线 效率 cos phi 50Hz-充电机 / Wa, WoWa 75% 0,7 50Hz-充电机 / IUIa 85% 0,7 HF-充电机 / IUIa 90% 0,95 For the chargers also the efficiency eta and the power factor cos phi are important typical calculation charge technique / curve eta cos phi 50Hz-charger / Wa, WoWa 75% 0,7 50Hz-charger / IUIa 85% 0,7 HF-charger / IUIa 90% 0,95 3.2 加热Heating

加热功率取决于房屋种类和大小，与充电机和电池的发热成反比。

The heating power depends of the kind and largeness of the room it will be decreased by the heating of the chargers and the batteries.

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Planing of charging stations for liquid acid Pb-batteries液态铅酸电池充电站计划

Kn x Qe x LF x n x Um E = ----------------------------------- eta x 1000

充电能量计算 例如 电池 充电机

48 V 750 Ah, 放电等级 80% 输出曲线 WoWa, 负载系数1,2 中负载电压 2,4 V/Z 效率 80%

,8 kWh (所有充电机有功功率) 51,8 kWh

13,0 kWh ( 可用于加热 )

9

E 视在功率apparent power [kWh] Kn 额定容量nominal capacity [Ah K5] Qe 放电等级discharge grade [%] LF 充电系数charge factor n 单体电池数量number of cells U 中负载电压middle load voltage [V/Z] eta 充电机效率efficiency of the charger

1000 kWh转换Wh calculation of [Wh] in [kWh]

总能量： 消耗的负载能量 损失能量

Calculation of the charge energy Example

Battery Charger

48 V 750 Ah, discharge grade 80%

output curve WoWa, load factor1,2 middle load voltage 2,4 V/Z efficiency 80%

,8 kWh (apparent power of all chargers) 51,8 kWh

13,0 kWh ( usable for heating )

Total energy:

consumed load energy Lost energy

4. 充电机

Chargers

为了选择正确的充电机，必须要知道电池型号、电池种类、额定电压、额定容量和根据工种、单班、两班或三班决定的充电时间。

充电机根据外形大小既可以墙上安装也可以地面安装。

为了良好通风充电机之间最小0.2m间距很重要。

为便于方便操作，应该选择好安装充电机的高度。任何与水有关的安装必须在充电机下面。

To select the correct chargers it is necessary to know the battery type, the kind of battery, the nominal voltage, the nominal capacity and the charging time depending of the kind of working, sin-gle shift or two, three shift operation.

The chargers are either wall mounted or floor mounted depending of the largeness of the chargers.

Important is also a distance between the chargers of minimum 0,2 meter to get a good ventilation of the air.

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Planing of charging stations for liquid acid Pb-batteries液态铅酸电池充电站计划

10

The mounting high should be selected that a good operation with the chargers is possible. Any in-stallation of water must be below the chargers.

Example for wall mounted chargers

例如，墙上安装充电机：

Kabelkanal 电线槽cable canal CEE 32 CEE 16 Schuko LG Typ 2 690 mm LG- T yp 1 1800 mm 553 mm > 500mm 100 mm 保护斜坡protection ramp

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Planing of charging stations for liquid acid Pb-batteries液态铅酸电池充电站计划

5. 通风Ventilation

5.1 总则 General

11 因为电解液的水分离在电池腔内形成氢氧混合气体，这个过程是在接近电池充电结束时，即电池过充时发生 的，

超过过充电压就开始放气阶段。

要设计电池充电房和充电站有足够的自然通风，如果需要强迫通风，就应该在始开充电时接通通风装置，进风尽可能的接近地面，经过电池然后尽可能高的从对面排出。

A battery cab form a gas mixture of hydrogen and oxygen due to the electrolytic decomposition of water. This gas develops particularly towards the end of battery charging or if the battery is over-charged. It is at it greatest above the voltage at which gassing starts.

Battery charging rooms and battery charging stations shall where possible be designed so that the natural ventilation is sufficient. If artificial ventilation is necessary, it shall be ensured that the ventilation is switched on whilst charging is taken place.

The inlet air shall enter as close as possible to the ground, pass over the batteries and escape as high as possible on the opposite side.

5.2 根据DIN VDE 0510 第三部分计算 Calculation according DIN VDE 0510 part 3

电池充电房和充电站的通风，在充电时要考虑到至少有足够的空气流量Q,Q由以下公式决定：

The ventilation of battery rooms and charging stations is regarded as adequate if during charging at least the volume of airflow Q, determined according to the following equation, is guaranteed.

Q [m³/h] = v x q x s x n x I

这里where:

Q v

空气流量m/h

3

is a volume of airflow in m/h

稀释系数，氢/空气混合物在较低的爆炸限度时，空气和氢气体积之比(96% 空气/4%氢气 =24) is the dilution factor which is equal to the ratio of the amount by volume of air and hydrogen at the at the lower explosion limit of the hydro gen/air mixture (96% Luft/4%H2 =24)

氢气体积流量，与一个单体电池在0°C 和1013 Pa时电解液Ah每A每 h的电流强度有关 is the volumetric flow of hydrogen relative to the strength of the current which at 0°C and 1013 hPa develops in one cell per A and per h due to electrolysis Ah (0,42E-3 m³/h) 安全系数=5（船舶核潜艇=10）

safety factor = 5 (ships and submarines = 10) 单体电池数量

is the number of cells 产生氢气的电流安培数

is the current level in A which causes the development of hydrogen

3

q

s n I

电流I 的指导数

Guide values for current I

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Planing of charging stations for liquid acid Pb-batteries液态铅酸电池充电站计划

Charging characteristic curve 充电特性曲线 Wa- 特性 characteristic Wsa- 特性 characteristic WoWa- 特性characteristic IU- 到2.4V/Z的特性 IU-characteristic up to 2,4 V/Z IUI- 特性characteristic IU- 到2.25V/Z的特性 IU-characteristic up to 2,25 V/Z current level I per 100 Ah nominal ca-pacity 每100Ah额定容量电流I (4 A/100Ah) (6 A/100Ah) (4 A/100Ah) (2 A/100Ah) (5A/100Ah) 1 A 12

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Planing of charging stations for liquid acid Pb-batteries液态铅酸电池充电站计划

13 Q [m³/h] = 0,05 x n x I [A] (v x q x s = 0,05 共计 together)

5.3 必备的空闲房屋空间计算*

Calculation of the necessary free room space *:

正常情况下，如果房屋足够大，不必对充电房和充电站加专门通风，公式如下：

Normally at battery rooms and charging stations no special ventilation is necessary if the halls are large enough, the formula is:

V = Q x 2,5 m³

宽wide L: 伸deep B: 高high H: 体积volume V:

.........

........ ........ ........

m

m m m³ (L x B x H)

*不包含充电机体积、电池体积和其他

*brut, without charger-volume, battery-volume and others

例如：对具有WoWa特性曲线的充电机：

对于这种特性已经计算出每100Ah的电流为4A。

Example for a charger with WoWa characteristic:

At these characteristic the calculation is to be done with a current of 4A for each 100Ah battery capacity

所充电池为：

Batteries which will be recharged:

10 个带有 48 V / 400 Ah的电池 电池数量 额定电压

每个电池所含单体电池 总单体电池数 额定容量

放气电流(A/100Ah): 总放气电流 (A/400Ah):

10 batteries with 48 V / 400 Ah Quantity of batteries Nominal voltage

Number of cells per battery Total number of cells Nominal capacity

Gassing current (A/100Ah):

Total gassing current (A/400Ah):

10 48 24 240 400 4 16

10 48 24 240 400 4 16

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Planing of charging stations for liquid acid Pb-batteries液态铅酸电池充电站计划

Q [m³/h] = 0,05 x n x I = 0,05 x 240 x 16 Q = 192 m³/h

14

如果用2.5 x Q计算不需要专门的通风，空闲房屋空间要足够大。

A free net room space is enough, to work without ventilation, if the calculation is done with 2,5 x Q

2,5 x Q = 2,5 x 192 = 480 m³

33

对于空闲房屋空间480 m来说，550 m充电房足够大。

33

A charging room with 550 m is large enough if the free net space is 480m.

例如，房屋可以选用w x d x h: 10x10x5.5m

Hall for example w x d x h: 10 x 10 x 5,5 m

对于一个充电房内所有电池都要进行这样的计算，即必须加入单个流量：

This calculation has to be done for all batteries in a charging room, that means the single volumes of airflow had to be added.

总的Q = Q1..Qn之和 = V Q total = sum Q1..Qn = V

5.5 空气通风的构成 Construction of a ventilation

专用电池充电房和充电站。

Special for battery rooms and charging stations

空气air 空气air 空气air 空气air

6. 室温和气候 Room temperature and climate

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Planing of charging stations for liquid acid Pb-batteries液态铅酸电池充电站计划

(同样见3.2章“取暖”see also chapter 3.2 heating) 15

充电站应该具有+10 °C到 +25°C的室温和干燥环境，以保证充电机和电池寿命。如果这些环境条件不能满足，就要配备一些设备如：对充电机用空调，对电池用加热电缆。设备的供货商可以提供相关信息。

A charging station should have a room temperature between +10 and +25°C and a dry environment to solve the lifetime of chargers and batteries. Are these climate conditions not to realise so the used equipment had to be fit out for example air condition for the chargers or heating tables for the batteries. For this the supplier of the equipment can give information’s.

7.

加水

Water topping

带液态电解液的电池，由于充电时会引起放气过程而失去水分，必须再加水，根据DIN 43530或国标必须加蒸馏水，一般的水会破坏电池。

由充电极控制的不需维护的自动加水系统对电池加水有益，在充电结束前的适当时间进行短时加水，电池必须有专门的添满自关闭装置 。

自动加水系统的压力应该是：最小 0.2 bar最大1 bar、 2到10米 ， 询问电池供货商有关加水系统的正确计划。

Batteries with liquid electrolyte lost water cause of the gassing during charge, this must be re-filled. Therefor it must be used distilled water according DIN 43530 or national norms, normal water destroyed the battery.

Automatically water topping systems without any maintain hold good cause controlled by the charger the refilling of water takes place at the correct time shortly before the charge will be finished. Batteries must have special self-closing crams.

The pressure of the automatically water topping system should have minimum 0,2 and maximum 1 bar, especially 2 to 10 meter. Ask a battery supplier for the correct planning of a water topping system.

8.

搬运电池

Battery changing arrangements

8.1 起重设备，运输车辆 Crane Equipments, changing lorries

根据电池重量、数量和大小决定起重设备，运输车辆，相关计划询问专门供货商。

Also for the planning of a crane equipment or changing lorries a special supplier had to be asked, this equipment depends of the quantity of batteries and the largeness and weight of the batteries.

9.

维护和维修场所

Maintenance and repair places

必须定期检查和清洁电池，同样根据DIN 0510每年必须检查绝缘阻抗，如果阻抗太低，电池就要清洗。维护和维修场所必须用防酸材料与其他充电房隔离。 见 2.3项地板要求，同样大型充电站应该有专门的维修电池的场所，同时还有对电池充放电的充电机。

Batteries must cleaned and checked periodically, also the isolation resistant must checked each year according DIN 0510, is the resistant too less the battery should be washed. This place must be sepa-rated of the rest charging room by acid resistance material, see also point 2.3 floor conditions. At large charging stations also a special place should be installed to repair batteries equipped with a special charger to discharge and recharge the batteries.

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Planing of charging stations for liquid acid Pb-batteries液态铅酸电池充电站计划

10. 标识和规定 Labels and regulations

单个充电场所应该有以下标识

Single charging places should be labelled with following labels:

电池危险警告 严禁吸烟明火 Warning of danger of the battery Prohibition of fire open light and smoking

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11. 急救措施 First aid

对于由硫酸引起的事故，下面设备必须放在充电场所易见、易拿的地方。

For accidents with acid the following equipment should be placed good visible and easy reachable near by the charging place.

急救箱First aid case 紧急冲洗Emergency shower 洗眼站Eye washing station 灭火器Fire-extinguisher Acid binding agent

12.

重要标准和规定

Important norms and regulations

VDI 2197,2198,2199 DIN VDE 0100

DIN VDE 0510 part 3

AGI J31 part 2 and part 3 VDI 3616 ZVEI-norms

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