LM4610DualDCOperatedTone/Volume/BalanceCircuitwithNational3-DSoundMay1999
LM4610
DualDCOperatedTone/Volume/BalanceCircuitwithNational3-DSound
GeneralDescription
TheLM4610isaDCcontrolledtone(bass/treble),volumeandbalancecircuitforstereoapplicationsincarradio,TVandaudiosystems.ItalsofeaturesNational’s3D-SoundCir-cuitrywhichcanbeexternallyadjustedviaasimpleRCNet-work.Anadditionalcontrolinputallowsloudnesscompensa-tiontobesimplyeffected.
Fourcontrolinputsprovidecontrolofthebass,treble,bal-anceandvolumefunctionsthroughapplicationofDCvolt-agesfromaremotecontrolsystemor,alternatively,fromfourpotentiometerswhichmaybebiasedfromazenerregulatedsupplyprovidedonthecircuit.
Eachtoneresponseisdefinedbyasinglecapacitorchosentogivethedesiredcharacteristic.
Features
nnnnnn
National3-DSound
Widesupplyvoltagerange,9Vto16VLargevolumecontrolrange,75dBtypicalTonecontrol,±15dBtypical
Channelseparation,75dBtypical
Lowdistortion,0.06%typicalforaninputlevelof0.3Vrms
nHighsignaltonoise,80dBtypicalforaninputlevelof0.3Vrms
nFewexternalcomponentsrequired
BlockandConnectionDiagram
Dual-In-LinePackage
DS101125-1
OrderNumberLM4610NSeeNSPackageNumberN24A
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AbsoluteMaximumRatings(Note1)
IfMilitary/Aerospacespecifieddevicesarerequired,pleasecontacttheNationalSemiconductorSalesOffice/Distributorsforavailabilityandspecifications.SupplyVoltage
ControlPinVoltage(Pins6,9,11,14,16)
16VVCCOperatingTemperatureRangeStorageTemperatureRangePowerDissipation
LeadTemp.(Soldering,10seconds)0˚Cto+70˚C−65˚Cto+150˚C
1.5W260˚C
Note1:“AbsoluteMaximumRatings”indicatelimitsbeyondwhichdamagetothedevicemayoccur.OperatingRatingsindicateconditionsforwhichthedeviceisfunctional,butdonotguaranteespecificperformancelimits.
ElectricalCharacteristics
VCC=12V,TA=25˚C(unlessotherwisestated)
Parameter
SupplyVoltageRangeSupplyCurrent
ZenerRegulatedOutputVoltageCurrent
MaximumOutputVoltage
Pins10,15;f=1kHzVCC=9V,MaximumGainVCC=12V
MaximumInputVoltage(Note2)InputResistanceOutputResistanceMaximumGainVolumeControlRangeGainTrackingChannel1–Channel2BalanceControlRangeBassControlRange(Note3)
TrebleControlRange(Note3)
TotalHarmonicDistortion
Pins2,23;f=1kHz,VCC=9VFlatGainResponse,VCC=12VGain=−10dB
Pins2,23;f=1kHzPins10,15;f=1kHz
V(Pin14)=V(Pin19);f=1kHzf=1kHzf=1kHz
0dBthrough−40dB−40dBthrough−60dBPins10,15;f=1kHzf=40Hz,Cb=0.39µFV(Pin10)=V(Pin19)V(Pin10)=0V
f=16kHz,Ct,=0.01µFV(Pin6)=V(Pin19)V(Pin6)=0V
f=1kHz,VIN=0.3VrmsGain=0dB
Gain=−30dB
f=1kHz,MaximumGainUnweighted100Hz–20kHzMaximumGain,0dB=0.3VrmsCCIR/ARM(Note4)
Gain=0dB,VIN=0.3VrmsGain=−20dB,VIN=1.0Vrms
OutputNoiseVoltageatMinimumGain
SupplyRippleRejectionControlInputCurrentsFrequencyResponse
200mVrms,1kHzRipplePins6,9,11,14,16(V=0V)−1dB(FlatResponse20Hz–16kHz)
35
-50−0.6250
−2.5
dBµAkHz
CCIR/ARM(Note4)
75
121−26
12−1212−12
15−1515−150.060.03
60
7580
−2018−1818−180.33
dBdBdBdBdBdBdBdB%%dBdB
0.81.3
0.81.01.11.6
20−270
3020075
2
Pin19
5.4
5
VmAVrmsVrmsVrmsVrmskΩΩdBdB
Pin13
Conditions
Min9
35Typ
Max1645
UnitsVmA
ChannelSeparationSignal/NoiseRatio
797210
dBdBµV
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ElectricalCharacteristics
(Continued)
Note2:Themaximumpermissibleinputlevelisdependentontoneandvolumesettings.SeeApplicationNotes.Note3:ThetonecontrolrangeisdefinedbycapacitorsCbandCt.SeeApplicationNotes.
Note4:Gaussiannoise,measuredoveraperiodof50msperchannel,withaCCIRfilterreferencedto2kHzandanaverage-respondingmeter.
TypicalPerformanceCharacteristics
VolumeControlCharacteristics
BalanceControlCharacteristic
ToneControlCharacteristic
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ToneCharacteristic(GainvsFrequency)ToneCharacteristic(GainvsFrequency)LoudnessCompensatedVolumeCharacteristic
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InputSignalHandlingvsSupplyVoltage
THDvsGain
ChannelSeparationvsFrequency
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DS101125-28
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TypicalPerformanceCharacteristics
LoudnessControlCharacteristic
(Continued)
THDvsInputVoltage
OutputNoiseVoltagevsGain
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ApplicationNotes
TONERESPONSE
ThemaximumboostandcutcanbeoptimizedforindividualapplicationsbyselectionoftheappropriatevaluesofCt(treble)andCb(bass).
Thetoneresponsesaredefinedbytherelationships:
anin-phasesignalfromtheoppositechannel.Asthenormalsignalsareinvertedatthispoint,theappropriatephase-reversedcross-couplingisachieved.Aneffectivelevelofcouplingof60%canbeobtainedusing4.7kincon-junctionwiththeinternal6.5kemitterresistors.Atlowfre-quencies,speakersbecomelessdirectionalanditbecomesdesirabletoreducetheenhancementeffect.Witha0.1µFcouplingcapacitor,asshown,roll-offoccursbelow330Hz.Thecouplingcomponentsmaybevariedforalternativere-sponses.
ZENERVOLTAGE
Azenervoltage(pin19=5.4V)isprovidedwhichmaybeusedtobiasthecontrolpotentiometers.SettingaDClevelofonehalfofthezenervoltageonthecontrolinputs,pins6,11,and16,resultsinthebalancedgainandflatresponsecondi-tion.Typicalspreadonthezenervoltageis±100mVandthismustbetakenintoaccountifcontrolsignalsareusedwhicharenotreferencedtothezenervoltage.Ifthisisthecase,thentheywillneedtobederivedwithsimilaraccuracy.LOUDNESSCOMPENSATION
Asimpleloudnesscompensationmaybeeffectedbyapply-ingaDCcontrolvoltagetopin9.ThisoperatesonthetonecontrolstagestoproduceanadditionalboostlimitedbythemaximumboostdefinedbyCbandCt.Thereisnoloudnesscompensationwhenpin9isconnectedtopin19.Pin9canbeconnectedtopin14togivetheloudnesscompensatedvolumecharacteristicasillustratedwithouttheadditionoffurtherexternalcomponents.(Tonesettingsareforflatre-sponse,CbandCtasgiveninApplicationCircuit.)Modifica-tiontotheloudnesscharacteristicispossiblebychangingthecapacitorsCbandCtforadifferentbasicresponseor,byaresistornetworkbetweenpins9and14foradifferentthresholdandslope.
SIGNALHANDLING
ThevolumecontrolfunctionoftheLM4610iscarriedoutintwostages,controlledbytheDCvoltageonpin14,toim-provesignalhandlingcapabilityandprovideareductionofoutputnoiselevelatreducedgain.Thefirststageisbeforethetonecontrolprocessingandprovidesaninitial15dBofgainreduction,soensuringthatthetonesectionsarenotoverdrivenbylargeinputlevelswhenoperatingwithalowvolumesetting.Anycombinationoftoneandvolumesettings
Whereab=at=0formaximumbassandtrebleboostrespec-tivelyandab=at=1formaximumcut.
ForthevaluesofCbandCtof0.39µFand0.01µFasshownintheApplicationCircuit,15dBofboostorcutisobtainedat40Hzand16kHz.
NATIONAL3D-SOUND
Whenstereospeakersneedtobecloserthanoptimumbe-causeofequipment/cabinetlimitations,animprovedstereoeffectcanbeobtainedusingamodestamountofphase-re-versedinterchannelcross-coupling.IntheLM4610theinputstagetramsistoremittersarebroughtouttofacillitatethis.Thearrangementisshownbelowinthebasicform.
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Withamonophonicsource,theemittershavethesamesig-nalandtheresistorandcapacitorconnectedbetweenthemhavenoeffect.Withastereosignaleachtransistorworksinthegroundedbasemodeforstereocomponents,generating
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ApplicationNotes
(Continued)
maybeusedprovidedtheoutputleveldoesnotexceed1Vrms,VCC=12V(0.7Vrms,VCC=9V).Atreducedgain(<−6dB)theinputstagewilloverloadiftheinputlevelex-ceeds1.6Vrms,VCC=12V(1.1Vrms,VCC=9V).Asthereis
volumecontrolontheinputstages,theinputsmaybeoper-atedwithaloweroverloadmarginthanwouldotherwisebeacceptable,allowingapossibleimprovementinsignaltonoiseratio.
ApplicationCircuit
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ApplicationsInformation
OBTAININGMODIFIEDRESPONSECURVES
TheLM4610isadualDCcontrolledbass,treble,balanceandvolumeintegratedcircuitidealforstereoaudiosystems.InthevariousapplicationswheretheLM4610canbeused,theremayberequirementsforresponsesdifferenttothoseofthestandardapplicationcircuitgiveninthedatasheet.Thisapplicationsectiondetailssomeofthesimplevariationspossibleonthestandardresponses,toassistthechoiceofoptimumcharacteristicsforparticularapplications.
TONECONTROLS
Summarizingtherelationshipgiveninthedatasheet,basi-callyforanincreaseinthetreblecontrolrangeCtmustbein-creased,andforincreasedbassrangeCbmustbereduced.Figure1showsthetypicaltoneresponseobtainedinthestandardapplicationcircuit.(Ct=0.01µF,Cb=0.39µF).Re-sponsecurvesaregivenforvariousamountsofboostandcut.
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FIGURE1.ToneCharacteristic(GainvsFrequency)
Figure2andFigure3showtheeffectofchangingthere-sponsedefiningcapacitorsCtandCbto2Ct,Cb/2and4Ct,Cb/4respectively,givingincreasedtonecontrolranges.Thevaluesofthebypasscapacitorsmaybecomesignificantandaffectthelowerfrequenciesinthebassresponsecurves.
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ApplicationsInformation
(Continued)
usedtobiasbackthebasscontrolfromahighboostcondi-tion,topreventoverloadingthespeakerwithlowfrequencycomponents.
LOUDNESSCONTROL
Theloudnesscontrolisachievedthroughcontrolofthetonesectionsbythevoltageappliedtopin9;therefore,thetoneandloudnessfunctionsarenotindependent.Thereisnor-mally1dBmorebassthantrebleboost(40Hz–16kHz)withloudnesscontrolinthestandardcircuit.Ifagreaterdiffer-enceisdesired,itisnecessarytointroduceanoffsetbymeansofCtorCborbychangingthenominalcontrolvoltageranges.
DS101125-5
FIGURE2.ToneCharacteristic(GainvsFrequency)
Figure7showsthetypicalloudnesscurvesobtainedinthestandardapplicationcircuitatvariousvolumelevels(Cb=0.39µF).
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FIGURE3.ToneCharacteristic(GainvsFrequency)
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Figure4showstheeffectofchangingCtandCbintheoppo-sitedirectiontoCt/2,2Cbrespectivelygivingreducedcontrolranges.ThevariousresultscorrespondingtothedifferentCtandCbvaluesmaybemixedifitisrequiredtogiveaparticu-laremphasisto,forexample,thebasscontrol.TheparticularcasewithCb/2,CtisillustratedinFigure5.
RESTRICTIONOFTONECONTROLACTIONATHIGHORLOWFREQUENCIES
Itmaybedesiredinsomeapplicationstoleveloffthetoneresponsesaboveorbelowcertainfrequenciesforexampletoreducehighfrequencenoise.
ThismaybeachievedforthetrebleresponsebyincludingaresistorinserieswithCt.Thetrebleboostandcutwillbe3dBlessthanthestandardcircuitwhenR=XC.
Asimilareffectmaybeobtainedforthebassresponsebyre-ducingthevalueoftheACbypasscapacitorsonpins7(channel1)and18(channel2).Theinternalresistanceatthesepinsis1.3kΩandthebassboost/cutwillbeapproxi-mately3dBlesswithXCatthisvalue.AnexampleofsuchmodifiedresponsecurvesisshowninFigure6.Theinputcouplingcapacitorsmayalsomodifythelowfrequencyre-sponse.
ItwillbeseenfromFigure2andFigure3thatmodifyingCtandCbforgreatercontrolrangealsohastheeffectofflatten-ingthetonecontrolextremesandthismaybeutilized,withorwithoutadditionalmodificationasoutlinedabove,forthemostsuitabletonecontrolrangeandresponseshape.OTHERADVANTAGESOFDCCONTROLS
TheDCcontrolsmaketheadditionofotherfeatureseasytoarrange.Forexample,thenegative-goingpeaksoftheout-putamplifiersmaybedetectedbelowacertainlevel,and
FIGURE4.ToneCharacteristic(GainvsFrequency)
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FIGURE5.ToneCharacteristic(GainvsFrequency)
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FIGURE6.ToneCharacteristic(GainvsFrequency)
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ApplicationsInformation
(Continued)
Thecontrolonpin9mayalsobedivideddowntowardsgroundbringingthecontrolactiononearlier.Thisisillus-tratedinFigure12,Withasuitablelevelshiftingnetworkbe-tweenpins14and9,theonsetofloudnesscontrolanditsrateofchangemaybereadilymodified.
DS101125-10
FIGURE7.LoudnessCompensatedVolume
Characteristic
Figure8andFigure9illustratetheloudnesscharacteristicsobtainedwithCbchangedtoCb/2andCb/4respectively,Ctbeingkeptatthenominal0.01µF.ThesevaluesnaturallymodifythebasstoneresponseasinFigure2andFigure3.Withpins9(loudness)and14(volume)directlyconnected,loudnesscontrolstartsattypically−8dBvolume,withmostofthecontrolactioncompleteby−30dB.
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FIGURE10.LoudnessCompensatedVolume
Characteristic
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FIGURE11.LoudnessCompensatedVolume
Characteristic
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FIGURE8.LoudnessCompensatedVolume
Characteristic
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FIGURE12.LoudnessCompensatedVolume
Characteristic
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FIGURE9.LoudnessCompensatedVolume
Characteristic
Figure10andFigure11showtheeffectofresistivelyoffset-tingthevoltageappliedtopin9towardsthecontrolrefer-encevoltage(pin19).Becausethecontrolinputsarehighimpedance,thisiseasilydoneandhighvalueresistorsmaybeusedforminimaladditionalloading.Itispossibletore-ducetherateofonsetofcontroltoextendtheactiverangeto−50dBvolumecontrolandbelow.
7
Whenadjustedformaximumboostintheusualapplicationcircuit,theLM4610cannotgiveadditionalboostfromtheloudnesscontrolwithreducinggain.Ifitisrequired,someadditionalboostcanbeobtainedbyrestrictingthetonecon-trolrangeandmodifyingCt,Cb,tocompensate.Acircuitil-lustratingthisforthecaseofbassboostisshowninFigure13.TheresultingresponsesaregiveninFigure14showingthecontinuingloudnesscontrolactionpossiblewithbassboostpreviouslyapplied.
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ApplicationsInformation
(Continued)
USEOFTHELM4610ABOVEAUDIOFREQUENCIESTheLM4610hasabasicresponsetypically1dBdownat250kHz(tonecontrolsflat)andthereforebyscalingCbandCt,itispossibletoarrangeforoperationoverawidefre-
quencyrangeforpossibleuseinwidebandequalizationap-plications.AsanexampleFigure15showstheresponsesobtainedcenteredon10kHzwithCb=0.039µFandCt=0.001µF.
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FIGURE13.ModifiedApplicationCircuitforAdditionalBassBoostwithLoudnessControl
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FIGURE14.LoudnessCompensatedVolume
Characteristic
FIGURE15.ToneCharacteristic(GainvsFrequency)
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ApplicationsInformation
(Continued)
DCCONTROLOFNATIONAL3D-SOUNDANDLOUDNESSCONTROL
FigureFigure16showsapossiblecircuitifelectroniccontrolofthesefunctionsisrequired.ThetypicalDClevelatpins3and22is7.5V(VCC=12),withtheinputsignalsuperim-posed,andthiscanbeusedtogiasaFETswitchasshown
tosavecomponents.Forswitchingwitha0V-5Vsignalalow-thresholdFETisrequiredwhenusinga12Vsupply.Withlargerswitchinglevelsthisislesscritical.
ThehighimpedancePNPbaseinputoftheloudnesscontrolpin9isreadilyswitchedwithageneralpurposeNPNtransistor.
DS101125-37
FIGURE16.ApplicationCircuitwithElectronicSwitching
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SimplifiedSchematicDiagram
(OneChannel)
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LM4610DualDCOperatedTone/Volume/BalanceCircuitwithNational3-DSoundPhysicalDimensions
inches(millimeters)unlessotherwisenoted
MoldedDual-In-LinePackage(N)
OrderNumberLM4610NNSPackageNumberN20A
LIFESUPPORTPOLICY
NATIONAL’SPRODUCTSARENOTAUTHORIZEDFORUSEASCRITICALCOMPONENTSINLIFESUPPORTDEVICESORSYSTEMSWITHOUTTHEEXPRESSWRITTENAPPROVALOFTHEPRESIDENTANDGENERALCOUNSELOFNATIONALSEMICONDUCTORCORPORATION.Asusedherein:1.Lifesupportdevicesorsystemsaredevicesorsystemswhich,(a)areintendedforsurgicalimplantintothebody,or(b)supportorsustainlife,andwhosefailuretoperformwhenproperlyusedinaccordancewithinstructionsforuseprovidedinthelabeling,canbereasonablyexpectedtoresultinasignificantinjurytotheuser.
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