虚拟语气 倒装 强调结构

虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：

1．在动词suggest， order， demand， propose， command， request， desire， insist， require， decide， promise， resolve， argue， maintain， determine， recommend， advise， advocate，等表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中。

She insisted that the seats （should） be booked in advance. 她坚持要预定座位。

He advised that the doctor （should） be sent for. 他劝我们派人请医生。

注：如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实，要用陈述语气。

When asked why he declined our invitation， he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director.

真题重现

【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required that __________________（我们交研究报告）。

参：we hand in our research report（s）

2．在advice， demand， order， necessity， resolution， decision， proposal， requirement， suggestion， idea， recommendation， request， plan，等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中-----上面动词对应的名词

He issued the order that the troops （should） withdraw at once. 他命令马上撤

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退。

3．在形容词important， necessary， imperative， natural， urgent， essential， appropriate， desirable， vital， advisable， preferable， incredible以及短语no wonder， a pity等可以构成“It is +形容词（名词）+that”句型中。形容词主要是表示令人吃惊的、重要的、必要的、关键的。

It is necessary that some immediate effort （should） be made. 必须立即采取行动。

4 if或but for等引导的条件句★★★

if引导虚拟条件句的用法

1）if条件句

条件从句 结果主句

与现在事实相反 动词过去式(be动词用were) would+动词原形

与过去事实相反 had+过去分词(had done) would have done

与将来事实相反 一般过去时/were+不定式/should+动词原形would(should)+动词原形

He wouldn’t feel so cold if he were indoors.他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了。（与现在事实相反）

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I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I had time， I would certainly go to the movies with you.

我很抱歉，现在很忙。如果有时间，我肯定陪你去看电影了。（与现在事实相反）

The conference wouldn’t have been so successful if we hadn’t made adequate preparations.

如果我们不做充分的准备，会议是不会开得这么成功的。（与过去事实相反）

If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow， I should （would） stay at home.

虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were， should， 或had时， 可省略if，再把were， should或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如：

Were they here now， they could help us. =If they were here now， they could help us.

Had you come earlier， you would have met him. =If you had come earlier， you would have met him.

Should it rain， the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain， the crops would be saved.

2）混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语）

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If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now. (对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟)

(or, or else, otherwise)

I forget where I read the article, or I would show it to you now. (与现在相 反

Mary couldn’t have received my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. (与过去相 反)

3）but for without

but for=if it were not for…/if it had not been for…l

But for your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time.

Without your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time.

真题重现

【CET-4:2006.12】The victim _______________________（本来会有机会活下来）if he had been taken to hospital in time 参：would have survived

5 It is （high， about） time (that)…句型要求用虚拟语气

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谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”。

★★It’s time_____________________（采取措施） about the traffic problem downtown.

something was done/some measures were taken

6 动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气

与现在事实相反 were或动词的一般过去式

与过去事实相反 had done或would/could have done

将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望 would/should(could, might)+动词原形

I wish she were here. 她在这里就好了。

I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我们一块去。

I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是听我的话就好了。

7 if only后用虚拟语气（相当于How I wish）（要是…就太好了）

现在没有实现的愿望 一般过去式

过去没有实现的愿望 过去完成式

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If only she had known where to find you. 他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。

If only I could speak several foreign languages！我要是能讲几种外语就好了！

8 would rather… （希望他人干某事）

I would rather you didn’t speak rudely to her. (与现在事实相反)

I’d rather you hadn’t spoken rudely to her. (与过去事实相反)

区别：I would rather stay at home. （自己干某事）

9 as if (though) 引起的从句:

They talked (are talking) as if they had been friends for years.

It seems as if it was (were) spring today.

He acts (acted) as if (though) he were (was) an expert.

此外，如果主句谓语动词是look，seem，taste，smell等词时，从句中也可用陈述语气。例如： It looks as if she is in love again．

10 以lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句(这时谓语多用 should +动词原形):

He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.

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He put his coat over the child for fear that (或lest) he should catch cold.

I’ll keep a seat for you in case you should need it.

虚拟语气练习

1．Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _____ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often．

A）has to get B）were to get C）had got D）could have got

2． _____ for your help，we'd never have been able to get over the difficulties．

A）Had it not B）If it were not C）Had it not been D）If we had not been

3．Oh，what a nuisance！It _____ so easy for me to bring those photographs I wanted to show you，but I have left them on the table at home．

A）would have been B）had been C）would be D）was

4．If we had been more careful，we _____ much better results now．

A）would be getting B）would have got C）got D）had got

5．He suggested _____ to tomorrow's exhibition together．

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A）us to go B）we went C）we shall go D）we go

6．It is recommended that the project _____ until all the preparations have been made．

A）is not started B）will not be started C）not be started D）is not to be started

7．It's necessary _____ the dictionary immediately．

A）that he will return B）that he returned C）that he return D）that he has to return

8．It is of the utmost importance that you _____ here on time．

A）be B）shall be C）are to be D）must be

9．One of the requirements for a fire is that the material _____ to its burning temperature．

A）is heated B）will be heated C）be heated D）would be heated

10．I wish I _____ longer this morning，but I had to get up and come to class．

A）could have slept B）sleep C）might have slept D）have slept

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11．It's already 5o'clock now．Don't you think it's about time _____ ？

A）we are going home B）we go home C）we went home D）we can go home

12．The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself．

A）injure B）had injured C）injured D）would injure

13．That tree looked as if it _____ for a long time．

A）hasn't watered B）didn't water C）hadn't been watered D）wasn't watered

14．I'd rather you _____ anything about it for the time being．

A）don't do B）did C）didn't do D）would do

15．Look at the terrible situation I am in！If only I _____ your advice．

A）follow B）had followed C）would follow D）have followed

BCAAD CCACA CACCB

一．倒装

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1．当“only+状语（从句）”位于句首表示强调时用倒装，如不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。

Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.

Only in this way can we catch up with the world’s advanced levels in science and technology.

其他如：only then, only once, only in America\\China, only after the accident等。

真题重现

【CET-6：2007.6】Only in the small town_________. (他才感到安全和放松)

参：does she feel secure and relaxed

2．never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。

这类词或词组常用的有：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, not until, by no means, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(决不), in no case(决不), neither …(nor), no sooner…(than), hardly…(when), barely(仅仅，几乎不), on no account, in no circumstances(决不), not a bit, nowhere, not only…but also等。

Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet. 丘吉尔不仅是一位政治家，还是一位诗人。

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Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense. 我从未听到过这种胡说！

真题重现

【CET-6：2007.12】 The witness was told that under no circumstances_____________.(他都不应该对法庭说谎)

【CET-6：2007.1】 ______________(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form.

【CET-42006.6】Not only__________(他向我收费过高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either.

参：should he lie to the court.；Not until the deadline did he send (out)；did he overcharge me/did he charge me too much

3. nor, neither；so 承前否定，前面是否定后面也是否定意义；前面是肯定后面也是肯定意义

She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper. （2010）

4．the more…, the more结构中的倒装。

【CET-4：2006.6】90. The more you explain, _________________(我愈糊涂).

参：the more confused I am

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5. as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。

as〔让步〕虽然，尽管〔词序倒装。语气比 though 强〕。

Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽成功，却不骄傲。

Womon as she is, she's every brave.

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

注意：A) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。B) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

二．强调句

1．It is/was +被强调部分+that/who…

对于这个结构，需要注意以下几点：

①强调句型中的系动词除is和was之外，没有其他形式的变化;

②被强调部分如果是人，可以用who, 也可以用that,其他情况用that（常识性知识，一般不能作为考点）。

③在not…until句型里，如果强调由until所引导的时间状语时，not须跟在until之前，即

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构成It is not until…that结构。

It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the serious situation.

她不知道如何应对这种严重情况是因为她太缺乏经验了。

It is because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.

正是因为水涨了，他们没有渡过河去。

注：强调的如果是原因状语从句，只能由because引导，不能由since, as或why引导。It was not until the second year that he has adapted himself to the college life.

直到第二年他才适应了大学生活。

真题重现

【CET-6：2007.1】 ______________(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form.

参：It was not until the deadline that he sent (out)

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